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Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII's reign
Henry VIII was the first Tudor's King. His reign ended in 1547 when he died. His son succeed (Edward VI) him. -
Period: 1509 to
The Tudor's Era
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1517
The Ninety-Five Theses by Martin Luther
Martin Luther is a famous figure of protestantism who ptotested against the sale of Indulgences. In addition, he wrote many pamplets to critisize Indulgences and the Catholic Church. -
1526
The Tyndale's Bible (New Testament)
The Tyndale's Bible was the first English's translation of the Bible by Tyndale. -
1533
The Act in Restraint of Appeals
It give the king the legal power to annul marriages. Then, in 1533 the king Henry VIII can marry Ann Boleyn (that has been refused by the Pope before). It was an act of rebellion against the pope. -
1534
The Act of Supremacy by Henry VIII
Henry VIII became the only 'supreme head of the church of England’. This what we called the schism. Then, we can say it’s the beginning of the Roman Catholic Church. -
1536
The Pilgrimage of Grace
The dissolution process was interrupted by rebellions in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. They were against the dissolution of the monasteries and the reformation. They also demanded the restoration of the Pope and of Mary Tudor to the Royal succession. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
The reign of Edward VI
His reign ended in 1553 when he died. -
1549
The Book of Common Prayer
It has been published under Edward VI (Henry VIII's son). It was a major change for the Anglican Church which was adopting protestantism. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary I’s reign (Bloody Mary)
Her reign ended in 1558 when she died. People were happy about it. Before dying Mary had asked her half sister Elizabeth, to swear that she would carry on with Catholicism but she only said that she would follow God. -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I’s reign
During her reign, the Queen had imposed protestantism and had secured the position of England in the world. Her reign ended when she died in 1603. -
1559
The act of Supremacy by Elizabeth I
This Act abolished the authority of the Pope, restored the authority of the Queen over the Church. Then, the Queen Elizabeth I became ‘Supreme Governor of the Church of England’. -
1559
1559 Elizabeth I Speech
After the scandal of Dudley who was supposed to become her husband, she decided to never marry. As she said, she is 'Married to the Kingdom of England' and her subjects being 'all my husbands, my good people'. -
1571
The 'Treason Acts'
This Act made it treason for anyone who said that she was not the true Queen of England. It was in response to the excommuniction of Elizabeth I by the Pope Pius V. -
1577
Voyage around the world (1577-1580)
The voyage was guided by Francis Drake. It contributed to the Golden Age for the Elizabethan era. -
The Babigton Plot
Catholics wanted to kill Elizabeth I - who is according to them illegitimate - and put Mary Stuart on the throne. But their staregies were discovered by Francis Walsingham and the plot failed. -
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Mary I was Elizabeth I cousin. She was considered as a threat to the Queen. -
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
The King of Spain, Philipp II failed his attack against England an Elizabeth II with the 'Invicible Armada'. It is an important event in English History which made England and Elizabeth I victorious. -
Period: to
The reign of James I
He is the first Stuart King. He was a strong believer in the divine rights of kings. His reign ended when he died in 1625. -
Period: to
The Stuart Era
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The Gunpower plot
This plot was supposed to burn the parliament and kills everyone in it, but it failed because Guy Fawkes had been arrested. Indeed, he was supposed to spray the bomb. -
The King James Bible
It was an important change during James I’ reign: it was a new English translation of the Bible. -
Period: to
The Thirty Years’ War
England at war with Spain and France. James tried to support Protestants of France who are called the “huguenots”. It was a military defeats and it would cost a lot of money. -
Period: to
Charles I’s reign
Charles I succeed his father James I in 1625. His reign ended when he was executed on January 30th 1649. -
Petition of Rights
Members of Parliament complaints the Petition of Rights. They requested the king to recognize the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial.
They also wnated to get Charles to recognize that there were limits to his powers. Charles reluctantly signed it but was furious, and as MPs were discussing impeaching Lord Buckingham again, he suspended parliament seating. -
Period: to
The Personal Rule
During 11 years the King ruled without calling a parliament. This period was also called by some Historians "The Eleven Years Tyranny". -
The introduction of the New Prayer Book in Scotland
This introduction of the New Prayer Book (Book of Common Prayer) set Scotland aflame. The changes were deemed unacceptable (new position of the altar, kneeling, etc). Then, the riot would soon turn into a widespread rebellion known as the Bishops’ Wars. -
The Short Parliament
Charles called the Parliament for the first time in 11 years. He needed money, but his relationship with Parliament were fragile. As the Members of Parliament demanded the King to address their grievances first, Charles dissolved it (again) after only 3 weeks. -
Period: to
The Long Parliament
Charles had to call Parliament again: it would be ‘The long Parliament’, it won’t be dissolve until 1660. -
The Grand Remonstrance
It was important document voted by the Parliament. It summarised all the wrong doing of Charles I and concluded on ‘revolutionary’ demands, such as: the right of the House of commons to choose the king’s ministers, the right for Parliament to control any army sent to Ireland, and the right for Parliament to reform the church.
But then, it divided the Parliament in two groups which are: the royalists and the parliamentarians . -
Militia Act
Parliament passed this law to permits the army to be placed under the control a general appointment by Parliament. So the King was not able to appoint whoever he wanted. -
Charles I officially declared war on Parliament
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Period: to
First Civil War
This civil war would led to the victory of Parliament but cost the lives of 190 000 men for four years. They were two sides during the war: the Parliamentarians and the Royalists. -
Pride's Purge
Colonel Pride entered the House of commons, stopped the vote and arrested the 45 conservative leaders of Parliament's members. -
Period: to
Second Civil War
The Second Civil war ended with the execution of the King Charles I (who had escaped during the war). -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
The Commonwealth failed and ended in 1653 after Cromwell dissolved the rump and ordered the Members of Parliament to leave. Then, the Protectorate started on December 16th 1653. -
Execution of Charles I
This event marked the end of the monarchy and the House of Lords. It was a quite shocking event for England and Europe. Then, England was declared a Commonwealth. -
Abolition of Monarchy and House of Lords
After the execution of the King Charles I, the monarchy and House of Lords had been abolished in England. This led to a Commonwealth. -
The Instrument of Government
England’s first and only written constitution. -
Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
The Protectorate was a military dictatorship (similar to a monarchy without a king) ruled by Cromwell. His role was close to a King's role but he always refused to become one. The Protectorate ended when Cromwell died in 1658. This led to a period of Anarchy (7 governments in less than a year). People longed for a return to order, increasing support for monarchy. -
The Declaration of Bleda
Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda. It promised a general amnesty, to continue religious toleration and to share power with Parliament, in return for the restoration of monarchy. It was a succes. -
Period: to
The reign of Charles II
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The Restoration of Monarchy
On May 29th 1660, Charles II (the son of Charles I) restored the monarchy and became the King of England. -
The Act of Uniformity
Due to this act, all ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of Common Prayer. Also, it was a restoration of bishops to the house of Lords and to their place in the Church. -
Outbreak of Plague
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Great Fire of London
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The Popish Plot 1678
It was a rumour of a plot organised by the French to murder Charles II and replace him by his Catholic brother James II. -
Period: to
The reign of James II
James II succeeded his brother Charles II when he died in 1685. But after several tensions and events he fled to France, and then William became King William III in 1688. -
The Glorious Revolution
In 1688, Parliament invited the King’s son in law (William of Orange) to invade England and seize the crown! He landed with an army of 15 000 men and met no resistance. James’ army disintegrated, officers deserted. Then, James II fled to France and William became King William III. -
Period: to
The reign of William III
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Toleration Act
It established religious pluralism, and freedom of worship for all Protestants. -
The Bill of Rights
For the first time, a law limited the power of the monarch. -
The Act of Settlement
This act ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs. The successors are Hanoverian descendants of James I. It would be a key role in the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain. -
The Act of the Union between England and Scotland
