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Period: 1509 to 1547
Reign of Henri VIII
He became a king at the age of 17 and is the son of the 1st Tudor King : Henri VII -
Oct 31, 1517
95 Theses
The idea is that God's grace (forgiveness), and therefore access to Paradise, is made possible only by faith and not by indulgences. -
1526
The Tyndale Bible
Written by William Tyndale, the Tyndale Bible is the first English translation of the New Testament. -
1533
Act of Restraint of Appeals
It gave the King the legal power to annul marriages -
1534
Act of Supremacy
This text founded the Anglican Church and made King Henry VIII the sole and supreme head of the Church. -
Period: 1536 to 1537
Pilgrimage of Grace
The Pilgrimage of Grace was a major rebellion, a response against the English Reformation and dissolution of the monasteries but there were also economic and political causes. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent was a conference held by Catholic clergy to reform abuses and errors in the Church and affirm traditional Church teachings and authority. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Reign of Edward VI
Son of Henri VIII and Jane Seymour, he unfortunately died at 15 from tuberculosis. -
Jan 15, 1549
The Book of the Common Prayer
It is the fundamental book describing all the prayers, formulas and worship practices of the churches of the Anglican Communion. -
1553
The Poor Laws
This established the idea that central and local governments had a responsibility for helping the poor.
They were passed in 1533, 1597 and 1601. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Mary I
Also known as "Bloody Mary", she restored Catholicism in 18 months and repealed the Protestant legislation of
her father and half-brother. -
Period: 1555 to 1558
Bloody Mary
It was a period under Mary's reign, where protestants were persecuted, over 200 of them went to stake. -
Period: 1558 to
Reign of Elizabeth I
Known as the "Virgin Queen", she was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She had secured the position of
England in the world and imposed Protestantism. -
1559
Act of Uniformity
In order to regulate the form of worship in the Church of England and also, every people had to use the book of the Common Prayer. -
1559
Act of Supremacy
Under Elizabeth's reign, she made another organisation of the Church :
- abolished the authority of the Pope
- restored the authority of the Queen over the Church
- She became “Supreme Governor of the Church of England” -
Period: 1563 to 1571
The 39 articles of faith
It is a doctrine with 3 important changes :
- a new ecclesiology (conception of the Church)
- a new doctrine of Salvation (doctrine du salut)
- a new definition of sacraments and of the mass -
1569
The Northern Rebellion
It was an attempt led by the Earls of Westmorland and Northumberland in order to replace Queen Elizabeth by Mary, Queen of Scots. -
1571
The Treason Act
This text was written in response to the Papal Bull of Pope Pius V.
Any person that said that Elizabeth I was not the legitimate true queen of England and Wales was considered as a "treason". -
Feb 25, 1571
Papal Bull " Regnan in Excelsis "
Written by the Pope Pius V, this text was written to officially excommuniate the Queen Elizabeth I -
1581
The 1581 Act
It was an act to retain the Queen’s Majesty’s Subjects in
their due Obedience. It provided for the death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism. It was now forbidden to participate or celebrate the
Catholic Mass and Anglican services were compulsory: £20 per month fine. -
The Babington Plot
Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary Stuart on the throne but their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Marie Stuart and this group. -
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
She was executed in Fotheringham Castle, wearing a bright red dress, the colour of Catholic martyrs. -
Speech to the troops at Tilbury
The queen made this speech in Tilbury, Essex, in order to rally
the troops who were preparing to repel the invasion of the
Spanish Armada -
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
The Invincible Armada, the fleet chartered by Philip II of Spain to conquer the England of Elizabeth I, suffered a crushing defeat. -
East India Company
It was a society that allowed England to control the trade of luxury goods like spices, cotton, silk and tea, from India to China. -
Period: to
Reign of King James I of England
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The Gunpowder Plot
It was a conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up the Parliament and kill James I. -
Establishment of Jamestown in Virginia
One of the first English colony in North America -
Period: to
The Starving Time
It was a period of starvation, caused by an insufficient growing of crops, shortage of drinkable water, conflicts with the Native Powhatan tribe. -
Great Contract
It was a financial reform where the King would receive a fixed sum in order to get rid of his debt. -
King James' Bible
New English translation of the Bible -
Period: to
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War, a series of wars fought by European nations for various reasons, ignited in 1618 over an attempt by the king of Bohemia (the future Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II) to impose Catholicism throughout his domains. -
Period: to
Reign of King Charles I
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Petition of Rights
The Members of Parliament requested the King to recognize the illegality of extra parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial. They wanted to get Charles to recognise that there were limits to his powers. -
The Three Resolutions
The MP's declared whoever tried to bring in « Popery of Arminianism » or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the Kingdom.
As well as anyone advising the King to collect custom duties without Parliament’s consent. -
Period: to
Personal Rule
After the Three Resolutions, the King Charles had declared there would be no more parliaments, and that for eleven years. -
The case of Burton, Prynne and Bastwick
These 3 men were put in pillory and their eyes were cutted off because they had written pamphlets against the Arminian arcbishop Laud. -
New Prayer Book
Known as Laud’s Liturgy, it was published in Edinburgh in 1637. The king ordered it used in all Scottish churches. -
Period: to
The Scottish crisis
During the 1630s, Charles tried to harmonise the administration of the churches of England and Scotland by forcing through Archbishop Laud's episcopalian reforms without consulting either the clergy or the Scottish parliament. -
The Scottish National Covenant
It rejected the attempt by King Charles I and William Laud, archbishop of Canterbury, to force the Scottish church to conform to English liturgical practice and church governance. -
Treaty of Ripon
It is the peace Treaty that ended the Bishop's War between Charles I of England and the Scots. -
Period: to
The Short Parliament
It was called by King Charles I in order to ask for money concerning the Bishops' War. It was dissolved 3 weeks later. -
Period: to
The Long Parliament
This new Parliament was called after the Treaty of Ripon. -
The Militia Act
The army should be placed under the control of a general appointed by Parliament. -
Grand Remonstrance
A document that lists all of Charles I wrong doing :
- the right of the House of commons to choose the King's minister
- the right of Parliament to control any army sent to Ireland
- the right for Parliament to reform the Church -
The Irish Rebellion
It was an armed conflitc, opposing Irish Catholics to Protestant settlers after the plantation policy of King James I of England, in order to take Catholics lands.
It ended with 3000 to 4000 protestants massacred. -
War against Parliament
King Charles I declared war against the Parliament after they wanted him to be a constitutional monarch. -
Period: to
The First Civil War
War against the Royalists and Parliamentarians that would cost the live of 190 000 Englishmen. -
The New Model Army
created by the Parliamentarians, it was a new kind of army. -
Battle of Naseby
The battle of Naseby is considered one of the most important battles in the English Civil War.Parliamentarian New Model Army took on the Royalist army of King Charles I. -
Agreement of the People
This document was made by the Army. They proposed among other things freedom of worship, equality for all men under the law -
Pride's purge
Colonel Pride entered the House of Commons to arrest 45 conservative leader MPs. They wanted the King to be tried. -
Period: to
The Second Civil War
The King Charles I allies himself with Scotland which surprised the Parliament, and led to a 2nd Civil War.
The Royalists were defeated by Cromwell. -
England as a Commonwealth
Monarchy and House of Lords were abolished, now England is considered as a Commonwealth. -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
England was governed without a King. -
Period: to
The Interregnum
It was between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the restoration of his son Charles II in 1660.
It was a period of experiments. -
Execution of King Charles I
Charles was convicted of treason and executed on 30 January 1649 outside the Banqueting House in Whitehall. -
Blasphemy Act
The Quaker James Nayle imitated the Christ's entry to Jerusalem and was harshly punished. -
Defeat of the Scottish Army leading by Charles II
Charles II, son of Charles I wanted to invade England, but he was defeated by Cromwell and then escaped. -
The Instrument of Government
England's first and only written Constitution. -
The dissolution of the Rump Parliament
The Rump Parliament is what remains of the British Long Parliament after the Pride purge of December 6, 1648.
It had been dissolved by Cromwell and then replaced by the "Barebones Parliament" (dissolved as well) -
Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
It was a military dictatorship led by Cromwell. He appointed himself as the "Lord Protector" -
Declaration of Breda
Issued by Charles II, it promised :
- a general amnesty (pardon)
- to continue religious toleration
- share power with Parliament Only in return for the restoration of monarchy. -
Period: to
Early Restoration
Restauration of the King. -
Period: to
Clarendon Code
The Clarendon Code was a series of four legal statutes passed between 1661-1665 which effectively re-established the supremacy of the Anglican Church after the interlude of Cromwell's Commonwealth -
The Popish Plot
Rumour of plot organised by the French to murder Charles II and replace him by his Catholic brother James II -
Period: to
The Exclusion Crisis
Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne. -
Period: to
Glorious Revolution
It was a peaceful revolution (1688-1689) that overthrew King James II and brought about the accession of his daughter, Mary II and her husband, William of Orange -
Toleration Act
Established religious pluralism, and freedom of worship for all Protestants. -
Bill of Rights
Lists King James' misdeeds and fixed limitations :
- Parliament had to consent to new laws
- Parliament gained control over finances and over the army -
Act of Settlement
The main aim of this legislation was to ensure a Protestant succession to the English throne. -
Act of Union
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain : England and Scotland