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618
Photos for Tang and Song Dynasties
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Period: 618 to 1279
Tang and Song Dynasties
The Song and Tang Dynasty were both known as the Golden Ages in Chinese history. The Tang Dynasty was very successful because it created a stable government and bureaucracy in China. The Song Dynasty was also beneficial since it was the first to invent and use important creations in history like true paper money, gunpowder, and the magnetic compass, which all increased China’s trade. Both dynasties created peace and prosperity for China, leading to one of the most powerful nations in the world. -
750
Photos for Abbasid Caliphate
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Period: 750 to 1258
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate was apart of the Golden Age of Islam, and the Abbadids united Islamic rule and cultivated intellectual and cultural developments in the ME. Across this empire, libraries and other scholars were established, leading to great advances in astronomy, sciences, philosophies,etc.. The leaders created the city of Baghdad, turned it into a trading hub, and a learning center where cultures collide from Islamic empires to spread their knowledge. The city is now the capital of Iraq. -
1206
Photos for Delhi Sultanate
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1206
Photos for Mongol Empire
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Period: 1206 to 1526
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic based empire that’s usually referred to as the five Muslim kingdoms of Turkic and Afghan origin. Before the Delhi Sultanate, the Rajputs under Prithiviraj Chauhan were the ones who ruled Delhi and its surrounding areas. However, the five Muslim kingdoms started to take over one by one, which started the Muslim rule. The Muslim rule was an important event in India’s history since it brought in cultural diversity, which is now a very valuable feature of India. -
Period: 1206 to 1368
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire was the largest land empire and the second largest empire in history. The empire had a reputation for brutal warfare; however, it actually brought a lot of peace and stability. This allowed them to be more governed and develop their cities, increasing their revenue. They also acquired a lot of technological advances creating chinese engineers, gun powder, artillery, etc. The empire led to the spread of printing all over East Asia, which positively impacted trade and education. -
1230
Photos for Mali Empire
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Period: 1230 to
Mali Empire
The Mali empire was the largest and one of the richest empires in West Africa. It highly influenced the culture of West Africa by spreading its language, customs, etc. The Mali empire was very wealthy because of Mansa Musa and his pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca. Mansa Musa collected an extreme amount of gold and gained control of many important trade routes. Mali also had three immense gold mines within its borders making the empire flourish because of their ability to tax other empires. -
1250
Photos for Feudalism in Europe
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Period: 1250 to 1500
Feudalism in Europe
Feudalism was a system of economic and military customs that allowed Europe to flourish. After the Roman Empire fell, Europe needed a form of a political system in order to define themselves as a country. It discouraged a unified government, trade and economic growth. Feudalism changed society by creating social classes that made nobles protect their vassals and serfs and the manor made an agricultural estate that was controlled by the lord and worked on by the peasants who drove the economy. -
1271
Photos for Yuan Dynasty
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Period: 1271 to 1368
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was China’s first foreign-led dynasty, and prior to this dynasty, China was a country of separate states. However, the Yuan Dynasty unified the whole territory, which is now the most popular country in the world. They also made many developments in astronomy, science, printing, medicine, etc. These developments led to many inventions and with the country being unified, China was able to increase their foreign contacts and trade, which had a great impact on their economy. -
1299
Photos for Ottoman Empire
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Period: 1299 to
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was one of the most important empires in history. This empire controlled all major trade routes from Europe to India and China, and at that time, India and China accounted for 60% of the World’s wealth. The empire also had a strong, organized military and political structure. This allowed them to expand their achievements in art, medicine, etc., making the world of medicine more advanced. Without the Ottomans, the important medical devices used daily would not be here today. -
1300
Photos for European Renaissance
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Period: 1300 to
European Renaissance
The European Renaissance was a period of European culture, political, artistic, and economic rebirth following the Middle Ages. After the plague wiped out ⅓ of the population, the renaissance occurred because many wanted to start their life again leading to the spread of ideas and people expressing themselves. The Renaissance caused the fall of feudalism and the rise of a market economy, allowing Europe to gain economic growth and scientific advancements leading to trade and explorations. -
1345
Photos for Mesoamerican Empires
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Period: 1345 to 1533
Mesoamerican Empires
The Aztec empire was located in Mexico and Central America, and the Inca empire was located in South America. Both empires believed and worshipped the sun god as well as practiced human sacrifices.. The Incas were great engineers that built roads and bridges, creating an advanced centralized economy. The Aztec empire created customs that are used in modern life today and they were the first society that required education for all its children, which is now also required in the United States. -
1346
Photos for Bubonic Plague
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Period: 1346 to 1353
Bubonic Plague
The Bubonic Plague, also known as the black death, is an infection in the lymphatic system that spread through fleas on black rats that travelled on merchant ships. Although the expansion of trade was very beneficial, the black plague also showed how dangerous cross-cultured trade could be. The disease killed over 50 million people, and many peasants and lords stopped being able to control and work on their land. This made the economy downfall due to lack of trading and selling of goods. -
1368
Photos for Ming Dynasty
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Period: 1368 to
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty was the most powerful dynasty in the world, and it was known for its expansion in trade into the outside world that created cultural ties with the West. It was remembered for its drama, literature, and porcelained. The Mings created the woodblock color printing, paper, and the two color printing process. These printing processes were used for multiple reasons, and woodblock printing is even still used in Japan today and it can be worth up to millions of dollars. -
1400
Photos for Age of Exploration
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1400
Photos for Age of Exploration
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1400
Photos for Atlantic Slave Trade
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Period: 1400 to
Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration was inspired by the Renaissance in which European ships travelled all around the world in search of new trading routes and partners for their capitalist country to feed upon. This time period was able to happen due to the change of wind patterns, ocean currents, and the creation of devices like the astrolabe and the compass. Explorers had a huge impact on the world’s geography because they were able to gain knowledge about different areas such as Africa and the Americas. -
Period: 1400 to
Atlantic Slave Trade
The Age of Exploration founded the New World, which opened up a lot of demand for labour workers. This caused European countries to force African slaves on slave ships that transported them across the Atlantic ocean. Slaves were treated unfairly and they came in contact with many new diseases causing millions of African people to die. Due to the size of the trade, African societies were negatively transformed and it led to long-term impoverishment of West Africa. -
Period: 1400 to
Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration was a time where the world was opened up to new knowledge about new lands and crops that were never discovered. Because of the Age of Exploration, the New World was discovered, which was very beneficial for countries’ economy, people, etc. all over the world. However, a disadvantage of the new crops and land was that many diseases were also introduced to countries. Because these countries never knew about these diseases, they weren’t immune, which led to many casualties. -
1415
Photos for Portuguese Trading Post Empires
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Period: 1415 to
Portuguese Trading Post Empire
The Portugese trading post empire was first built by Portugese mariners. The empires were meant to control trade routes by forcing merchant vessels to pay duties at fortified trading sites. The Portugese didn’t want to conquer or colonize other territories, they only wanted to ensure there was a monopoly of spice trade in the Indian Ocean. The Portugese had over 50 trading post empires, controlled trade in the Indian Ocean, and they spread the knowledge of Asian waters to other nations. -
1492
Photos for Spanish Colonial Empire
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Period: 1492 to
Spanish Colonial Empire
The Spanish Colonial Empire was formed after gaining large portions of land, starting with Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean Island, and after conquering indeginous empires. This empire was one of the largest empires in history and one of the first. It became very wealthy and powerful due to their rich resources and labour from their newly colonized territories. It led European Exploration, built the largest colonies in the new world, and created trade routes across the oceans. -
1517
Photos for The Reformation
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Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
The Reformation was a major European movement that aimed to reform and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. During this time, many people and reformers questioned the ability of the Catholic Churches to define Christian practice, which led to arguments about religious and political redistribution. These arguments led to wars, persecutions, and most importantly, it became the basis of the founding of the Protestant religion, which is now one of the three major branches of Christianity. -
1526
Photos for Mughal Empire
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Period: 1526 to
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan. It was known for spreading the Muslim arts, culture and faith. They were a very successful empire because of their large army and abilities to oversize their opponents, and they were also the only empire in India to have gunpowder. Overall, this empire was very important to society because of their cultural influences casting a great shadow across the country especially in northern India, which is still shown in our world today. -
Photos for Tokugawa Shogunate
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Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
Before the 17th century, Japan was suffering from lawlessness and chaos from previous rulers; however, when Tokugawa took power and the Tokugawa Shogunate took place, the nation’s government centralized their power and united its people. The Tokugawa was a feudal military government that caused economic growth and an increase in urbanization leading to the rise of the merchant class. It also blocked Japan from external and western influences giving them a disadvantage against other countries. -
Photos for Qing Dynasty
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Period: to
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the final dynasty of the Chinese Empire and it was the second foreign dynasty to rule all of China. This dynasty was very successful since it was able to conquer many other dynasties and infuse the Chinese and Manchu cultures. This allowed China to mobilize a large army where they were able to create the first ever machine guns out of gunpowder. Overall, this dynasty allowed China’s population to triple in size and now China is the most populous nation in the world. -
Photos for The Enlightenment
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Period: to
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment showed that human reasoning could discover truth about the world, religion, and politics. Ideas were made that pushed European societies away from feudalism and absolute monarchies and towards societies that were based on liberty and equality. The Enlightenment caused many countries to gain nationalism, which led to many revolutions for the fight of a country’s independence. It also led to the expansion of rights in suffrage, the abolition of slavery, and the end of serfdom. -
Photos for Industrial Revolution
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Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition of manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States. Many goods stopped being made by hand and began being made by machines, which transformed economies by making the production of goods more efficient and productive. Although this revolution had many benefits, it did have a negative impact on the environment since many of the chemicals in the factories increased air and water pollution. This is now a bigger problem in our societies today. -
Photos for American Revolution
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Period: to
American Revolution
The British colonies were under Britain rule for many many years, and when Britain began treating the colonies poorly, the colonies rebelled leading to the American Revolution. During the revolution, many battles were fought, many lives were lost, and there was a lot of debt, but it also allowed the colonies to break away from Great Britain’s unequal rule. This eventually led to the independence and formation of the United States, which is now a country many people strive to live in today. -
Photos for French Revolution
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Period: to
French Revolution
Before the French Revolution, the French were under a monarchy where the poor and many others had no rights or equality. The French Revolution was the time where the people of France overthrew their monarchy and took control of the government. It affected the whole population and the world because it established the modern nation state, the border of Europe was reshaped, and there was a rise of Nationalism. A democracy and civic rights were applied, creating freedom of speech, worship, etc. -
Photos for Haitian Revolution
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Period: to
Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution is often known as the most successful slave rebellion in the Western Hemisphere. There were a series of conflicts that overthrew the French in Haiti by enslaved Africans. The outcome was that slavery and French control was abolished. The significance of this revolution was that Haiti became the only country where slave freedom was taken by force. Unfortionatily, slavery is still happening in the world today, but it is now illegal in most places all around the world. -
Photos for Opium Wars
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Photos for Tanzimat Reforms
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Period: to
Tanzimat Reforms
As the Industrial Revolution spread throughout Europe, the Ottoman Empire had to reform, in order to stop their decline. There were a wide range of education, political, and economic reforms that occured. Their education system was completely secularized and many modernizing policies were adopted that completely transformed the economy. However, the reforms were only partially successful due to their failure to modernize the realm and ensure their empire's survival beyond World War I. -
Period: to
Opium Wars
The Opium Wars were two armed conflicts between China and western countries. By the 19th century, trade in Chinese goods like tea, silk, and porcelain were very lucrative for British merchants; however, China would not buy British products in return because they would only sell in exchange for silver. Because of this, British merchants began to smuggle opium into China illegally. Although opium was useful for medicine, many became addicted, so China had to stop the illegal imports by violence. -
Photos for Taiping Rebellion
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Period: to
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion was a revolt against the Qing Dynasty in China because officials launched a campaign of religious persecution against the God worshipping society. The rebellion was a fail and it led to more than 20 million deaths; however, it was a very significant event for China’s history because it ended China’s dynastic rule. Because of the internal problems within the Qing Dynasty and the Taiping Rebellion, it was easier for foreign countries to dominate China’s economic affairs. -
Photos for Sepoy Mutiny
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Period: to
Sepoy Mutiny
By the mid-19th century, sepoys had made up the majority of the British armed forces in colonial India. Many were Hindus, who viewed cows as sacred, and many were Muslims, who refused to slaughter pigs. In 1857, the British began using cartridges greased with the fat of cows and pigs, making the Indians feel like they were being converted to Christianity. This led to the violent uprising known as the Sepoy Mutiny. The British won the mutiny, but it increased the emergence of Indian nationalism. -
Photos for Meiji Revolution
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Period: to
Meiji Revolution
Before the Meiji Revolution, Japan refused to be influenced by other countries, so they decided to not modernize. In 1868, they realized if they didn’t change the way their country worked, they would be very vulnerable to others. The Meiji Revolution was a rapid transition of Japan to a modern and westernized country. Because of this restoration period, Japan was able to build a strong army, create a centralized government, and establish a better education and transportation system. -
Photos for Scramble for Africa
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Photos for Berlin Conference
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Period: to
Scramble for Africa
During the late 19th and 20th centuries, many countries were developing nationalism and striving to make their empires better than other countries. Also during this time, Africa was not modernized and was very vulnerable to other countries. Because Africa was very weak, European powers were able to take over certain parts of African territory, which was known as the Scramble for Africa. Because of this event, there was a partitioning of several ethnicities across newly created African states. -
Period: to
Berlin Conference
In the 19th century, Africa was a weaker country due to lack of westernization. This led to stronger European countries fighting over African territory. The Berlin Conference regulated European colonization and trade in Africa by giving nations the opportunity to control Africa and disregard African native. Because European nations wanted as much African territory as possible and the conference divided Africa unevenly, nations were left angry with others eventually leading to world wars.
