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After 300 AD, the Soninke began to band together for protection against nomadic herders who wanted to move into the area. This was the beginning of Ghana.
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Ghana was at it's great height by Tunka Manin, but then he died. By the early 1200s, The empire fell. Three major causes for this.
1. 1060s - Invasion
2. Overgrazing
3. 1200 - Internal Rebellion -
Ruled Ghana around 1608. This ruler has brought Ghana to it's height! Ghana had a very strong army and they ruled lots of trades routes.
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Sundiata built an army and has brought Mali freedom. He has then conquered nearby kingdoms. This was the start of the Mali Empire.
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This is Mansa Masu's time as an emporer. He had control to many important trade routes and religion and education was very important to him.
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As a tradition, Mansa Masu has to do the pilgrimage to Mecca. He has gotten on a camel, and there were many followers with him carry TONS of gold! Mansa Masu has created Mosques and gave people gold on his way. This may be good thing, but he has caused inflation!
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Mali has reached its height and is now very large. Mansa Musa is the ruler and has kept Mali a wealthy and strong empire.
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In the 1300s, Mansa Masu has conquered the Songhai kingdom, but after the empire weakened, the Songhai regained their freedom.
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At 1500 Mali has lost all of it's conquered land because of Maghan, Mansa Masu's son, has taken the throne. He was a horrible ruler. In a flash, Mali was in ruins.
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A lot of Songhai's expansion was led by Sunni Ali, so they have made him ruler in 1464
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After Ali died in in 1492 his son Sunni Baru, who wasn't muslim, became ruler. People feared of the different religion so a man named Muhammad Ture took him over. He chose the name Askia, because it was a high military rank. Askia supported education and order.
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Morocco wanted Songhai's salt mines so they set out an army to take them over, they had advanced weapons such as the terrible arquebus (an early form of a gun). This has made Songhai fall to Morocco.
