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Isabella's marriage to Ferdinand in 1469 created the basis of the de facto unification of Spain
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in May 1532 More resigned as Lord Chancellor, leaving Cromwell as Henry's chief minister.
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Elizabeth succeeded to the throne on her half-sister's death in November 1558. She was very well-educated (fluent in five languages), and had inherited intelligence, determination and shrewdness from both parents.
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granted the Calvinist Protestants of France, also known as Huguenots, substantial rights in the nation, which was predominantly Catholic -
On January 16, 1605, Miguel de Cervantes' El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha, better known as Don Quixote, is published. The book is considered by many to be the first modern novel and one of the greatest novels of all time. -
The Thirty Years' War was a 17th-century religious conflict fought primarily in central Europe. It remains one of the longest and most brutal wars in human history,
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The Petition of Right was sent by English Parliament to King Charles I to complain about a series of breaches of law he had made.
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The reign of Louis XIV is often referred to as “Le Grand Siècle” (the Great Century), forever associated with the image of an absolute monarch and a strong, centralised state.
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The Long Parliament was an English Parliament which lasted from 1640 until 1660. It followed the fiasco of the Short Parliament, which had convened for only
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the Treaty of Westphalia was signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years' War. Ratification of the Peace of Münster
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Hobbes wrote many books and contributed to many academic fields, but his 1651 book Leviathan or the matter, forme and power of a commonwealth ecclesiasticall and civil is the one he is best remembered for.
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was king of England and Ireland he but fled to france -
The Glorious Revolution is the term first used in 1689 to summarise events leading to the deposition of James II and VII of England, Ireland and Scotland in November 1688, and his replacement by his daughter Mary II and her husband and James's nephew William III of Orange, de facto ruler of the Dutch Republic.
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An Act declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject, and settling the Succession of the Crown. -
John Locke's Two Treatises of Government were published anonymously in 1689.
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Robinson Crusoe is a novel by Daniel Defoe, first published on 25 April 1719. The first edition credited the work's protagonist Robinson Crusoe as its author, leading many readers to believe he was a real person and the book a travelogue of true incidents. -
Peter the Great (1672-1725), born Petr Alekseevich Romanov, was Tsar, later Emperor, of Russia from 1682 until his death in 1725, co-reigning with his half-brother, Ivan V, from 1682 to 1696. Peter the Great's influence on Russian society and culture cannot be overstated
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Gulliver's Travels, or Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. In Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships is a 1726 prose satire by the Anglo-Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift, satirising both human nature and the "travellers' tales" literary subgenre
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Frederick II (1712-1786) ruled Prussia from 1740 until his death,
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this book is a study about government and how it should be separated.
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Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March [O.S. 21 March] 1685 – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period.
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The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict that involved most of the European great powers, and was fought primarily in Europe
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Voltaire published Candide simultaneously in five countries no later than 15 January 1759, although the exact date is uncertain.
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was the first truly British monarch of the Hanoverian kings.
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Catherine the Great came ino power by overthrowing her reigning government
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He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the union of the Houses of Habsburg and Lorraine,
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an incident in which a squad of British shot at a group of protesters -
Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, better known as Encyclopédie, was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772, with later supplements, revised editions, and translations. It had many writers, known as the Encyclopédistes. -
in an act of revolt, American colonists stormed a British ship and threw the cargo overboard which was tea -
the Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act.
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a battle that was wide spread between towns as a means to try and squash a rebellion. -
The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776, at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia, later to become known as Independence Hall. -
This book explains where wealth comes from and how it happens.
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this was a siege on york town by the British during the American Revolution.
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The Treaty of Paris was signed by U.S. and British Representatives on September 3, 1783, ending the War of the American Revolution. Based on a1782 preliminary treaty, the agreement recognized U.S. independence and granted the U.S. significant western territory.
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The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution. -
The Storming of the Bastille occurred in Paris, France, on 14 July 1789, when revolutionary insurgents stormed and seized control of the medieval armoury,
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On 20 June 1789, the members of the French Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath in the tennis court which had been built in 1686 for the use of the Versailles palace.
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The Women's March on Versailles, also known as the October March, the October Days or simply the March on Versailles, was one of the earliest and most
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Written in 1787, ratified in 1788, and in operation since 1789, the United States Constitution is the world's longest surviving written charter of government.
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The Reign of Terror , or simply the Terror (la Terreur), was a climactic period of state-sanctioned violence during the French Revolution
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The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen, also known as the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, was written on 14 September 1791 by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges -
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman was written in 1791 and published in 1792, with a second edition appearing that same year.
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The National Convention was revolutionary France's third attempt at a national legislature
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, the monarchy was abolished and a republic was established. War continued throughout Europe.
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this committee was created to defend the UK from others, -
France was ruled by a five-man executive committee called the Directory and a legislature of two chambers:
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he became Emperor of the French under the name of Napoleon I, and was the architect of France's recovery following the Revolution before setting out to conquer Europe, which led to his downfall.
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a naval engagement between French, Spain, and the British. -
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battle of nations, between five nations. -
Napoleon Bonaparte, emperor of France and one of the greatest military leaders in history, abdicates the throne, and, in the Treaty of Fontainebleau, is banished to the Mediterranean island of Elba. The future emperor was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on August 15, 1769.
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The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte -
Napoleon had been exiled to St. Helena after he was defeated by the British at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815
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The Social Contract, originally published as On the Social Contract; or, Principles of Political Right is a 1762 French-language book by the Genevan