-
-
-
-
Martin Luther's 95 Thesis posted.
-
Magellan's landmark expedition begins
-
Disagreements in religion and the reformation cause Peasants to rise up in revolt
-
Pope Clement VII crowns Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor.
-
Church of England Splits from Catholic Church
-
Henry VIII not happy that the Pope won't allow him to divorce, breaks with Roman Catholic Church, creating the ANGLICAN Church.
-
The Jesuit Order or the Society of Jesus is founded.
-
-
Henry VIII dies of possibly gout. Edward VI is the successor.
-
-
This political settlement between the Lutherans and Catholic allowed for the prince of a particular State to decide its faith.
-
On this date, Charles give all of his titles, including his Spanish empire, to his son Philip. However, his brother Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor
-
-
-
The issue between the Catholics and the Huguenots took a terrible turn as this bloody war begins.
-
Believed it was his duty to defend Catholicism.
-
King Charles IX of France orders the killing of Huguenot Protestant leaders in France, setting off an excess of violence resulting in tens of thousand dead Huguenots.
-
The Portugal king died without an heir. Philip was the king's nephew so he seized the Portuguese kingdom.
-
Just off the coast of France, the "invincible armada" is defeated by English naval forces. The Spanish invasion of England fails due to weather and battle.
-
-
-
Portugese Explorer explored mexico and left parts of it for the Pueblo Indians.
-
Henry IV of France issues the order that grants concessions to Huguenots.
-
The chartered Dutch East India Company was established when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21 year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia.
-
-
Jamestown was considered permanent after the failed attempts at the Lost Colony of Roanoke, and served as the capital until 1683.
-
Proves that Planets circle the Sun
-
King James Version of the Bible was published in England. This marked the first of the translation of the bible into other languages. More poeple were able to start reading the bible.
-
Members of the Bohemian aristocracy rebelled after the 1617 election of Ferdinand as King of Bohemia. That same year, Protestant churches were ordered to be terminated, causing much fear among the Protestants that they might have their Protestant rights revoked all together. At Prague castle, two regents were thrown out the window for violating the letter of Majesty, finding them guilty. This began the first phase of the Thirty Years War, the Bohemian phase.
-
At Jamestown, Virginia, approximately 20 captive Africans are sold into slavery in the British North American colonies.
-
Parliament and James I had a good relationship at the beginning of his reign, however, it soon crumbled as James and Parliament wouldn't agree over major issues like royal finances, royal favorites, and the belief James was never wrong.
-
The Danish period of conflict began when King Christian IV (the Lutheran ruler of Denmark) supported the Protestants in 1625 against the Holy Roman Emperor.
-
Catholic Victories in the other parts of Europe hurt the Protestants. The new Protestant leader became Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. In the summer of 1630, the Swedes moved into Germany.
-
One of the oldest cities in America, Boston, was founded by Puritan colonists
-
Condemned for his ideas about the universe. Sentenced to house arrest.
-
The Treaty of Prague was wrecked by direct intervention by the French. Cardinal Richelieu of France wanted to weaken the power of the Hapsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire.
-
The death of Gustavus Augsburg, together with the exhaustion of the Holy Roman Emperor and German protestant princes brought an end to the Swedish phase. The treaty of Prague strengthened the Hapsburgs and weakened the German princes.
-
The followers of Charles I and the people who agreed with parliament fought each other. Oliver Cromwell takes contol of England. He was in parliament in England.
-
The Battle of Edge Hill was the first major battle in the English Civil War.
-
Sir Isaac Newton, one of the greatest scientists of his era, is born in the United Kingdom
-
Louix XIV takes the French throne
-
Short lived military alliance of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Conneticut, and New Haven colonies
-
The Peace of Westphalia was collection of treaties that were commonly linked to bring the Thirty Years War to an end.
-
Put on trial for treason and then executed.
-
The execution of Charles I helped the war come to an end.
-
Cromwell died and was suceeded by Charles II, who restored parliament, which Cromwell had dismissed while he was in power. This action is a mark of the restoration.
-
Charles II restored the Monarchy.
-
Parliament introduced by Charles II. Restored the Anglican church as the official church of England.
-
Begins his Rule of France
-
Terrible plague moves throughout London killing many.
-
-
Fought to end Dutch competition with French trade. War ended with treaty of Nijmegen. This granted French control of the Franche- Comte.
-
Suspended laws that Parliaemtn had passed against Catholics and Puritans.
-
A series of English laws that served as a religious test for public officed
-
A book on Mathematical concepts and theories.
-
Law passed by Parliament that gave every prisoner ther right to obtain a writ or document ordering that the prisoner be brought before a judge.
-
A group of legal documents issued by King Henry the IV of France in 1598. They established civil rights for the Huguenots, Calvinist Protestants within predominantly Roman Catholic France.
-
A new Declartaion of Indulgence. It suspsended all alws barring Catholics and Dissenters from office.
-
Overthrow king James II by a union of English Parliamentatirans. Known as the bloodless revolution.
-
Confirmed Parliament's right to make laws and taxes. It made it impossible for kings to oppose or wdi without Parliament.
-
Puritans revolted against the King for arresting radical Parliament members
-
Peter the Great began his journey to WEstern Europe to see what changes needed to be made in his kingdom in 1697.
-
Its terms said that Louis XIV's grandson could remain king of Spain as long as the thrones of France and Spain weren't united.
