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204
Romans Spreading Christianity
The Romans traveled up the Nile River to spread Christianity to African countries. They eventually spread the religion to the three major kingdoms of Northern Sudan in 4 CE, and it became the main religion. In addition, many churches were built in the kingdoms.
This picture is of ruins of a structure based on both Egyptian and Roman designs. The pillars have a Corinthian design. -
350
Meroe Invaded
In 350 CE, Northern Sudan was a part of the Kushite Empire. The capital was Meroe since 750 BCE, and was thought to have had a population of 25,000 people. The capital continued to have a thriving civilization until 350 CE, when the Axumite Empire of Ethiopia invaded and took over the capital.
The picture is of pyramids of an ancient civilization in Meroe. -
540
Nubians Convert to Christianity
In 540, a Byzantine empress sent missionaries to Northern Sudan to spread Christianity. Eventually, all of the Nubian Kings of the 3 major kingdoms of Sudan (Makuria, Nobatia, and Alodia) were Christians. However, unlike Nobatia an Alodia, which chose to be Monophysite Christians, Makuria decided to be Melkite Christians.
The photograph is of the ruins of a Nubian Christian Church. -
Jan 1, 1093
Muslim Prince Crowned King
In 1093, a Muslim Prince of royal Nubian blood came into power as King of Dunqulah. He influenced many to be Muslim instead of Christian. This was a significant event because throughout the years, Islam progressed through Sudan only through intermarriage, but this was the first fully Muslim king of Sudan.
The picture is of a statue of a Nubian King. -
Sudan unites with Egypt
In 1820, Muhammad Ali Pasha invaded Northern Sudan by having his son, Ibrahim Pasha, conquer and add it to a part of Egypt. He later gave Northern Sudan to his son, Ismail I. Under the Egyptian rule, Sudan became extremely modernized and improved with farming and cotton production. Although Eqypt conquered the country by force, Sudan would have probably done much poorly without Egyptians' help.
The picture represents cotton, which Sudan grew with the Egyptians' help. -
Holy War Against Britain
In 1877, Muhammad Ahmad, a local leader, decided to lead a holy war against Britain, the leader of Sudan. He believed that Sudan should be ruled by Islam beliefs. During the war, he murdered the European leaders of El Obeid and Darfur. General Charles Gordon, governor of Sudan, tried to stop the war, but was killed and his head was put on a pole to frighten the remaining European troops. For ten years, the Madhists of Sudan were in power.
This a poster of British fighting Madhists. -
Formally an Independent Republic
In 1956, Sudan became a formally Independent Republic. At first, the southern part of Sudan rebelled because they wished to be a part of the Egyptian government, but they were quickly stopped. In 1958, elections were held and Abdallah Khalil became president. However, his government was very weak and unstable, so General Ibrahim Abbud replaced him and remained in power for six years.
The map represents Sudan's 26 independent states. -
Darfur War Begins
In 2003, the non-Arabs of the Darfur region of Sudan rebelled against the government because they felt the government were treating Arabs more respectfully than them. Altogether, the rebellions caused the government to send Janjaweed (an Arab Militia) to attack the non-Arab part of Darfur, creating tension between each other. In conclusion, the genocide against non-Arabs is causing thousands of people to fight for religious freedom. The photograph is of a surviving soldier.
