-
Period: 1000 BCE to 1537
Chapter 16 p- Early Americas
Maya- 1000BC-900 Aztec- 1325-1400 Inca- 1400-1537 -
500 BCE
13.1-Geography and Early Africa- Landforms
Savannah- Grassy plain with few trees
Sahara- Super big desert
Niger River-The Niger River was an essential part of early west African development
Sahel- Mostly dry area just south of the sub Sahara
Rain forest- a super wet area with lots of trees
Rifts- Deep valleys in the earths crust -
500 BCE
13.4-West Africa- Griots
A Griot is a story teller that preserved West African history. They did this by telling other Griots about the story. This action was called an oral history. There was a risk or details changing over time when sharing an oral history. But unfortunately West Africans never developed a written language. -
Period: 500 BCE to 1500
Chapter 13 Early African civilizations
Early Africans 500 BC Ghana 300-1200s AD Mali 1230s-1431 Songhai 1300s -1591 Great Zimbabwe 1000s-1500s -
132 BCE
13.3-Mali -Mansa Musa
Mansa Musa was the most famous Mali leader. He was super rich. He caused inflation where ever he went. He also took a pilgrimage to Mecca. After his death him son really dropped the ball and his empire fell. Lesson always big a good parent -
1 CE
17.1- Eurasia - Geography of Europe
Eurasia is the large land mass of Europe and Asia. The only reason Europe is it's own continent is because the Ural mountains separtes it from Asia. The Alps are a mountain range that covers the entrance to Italy. Italy is a peninsula, Italian Peninsula. Germany is called the Iberian Peninsula. Scandinavian Peninsula. -
200
16.1-Mayan Culture- Maya Empire
The social structure- the kings were the highest because they were believed to have been related to gods. Priest, merchants and noble warriors, were upper class. Farming families were considered Lower class.
The Mayan were polytheistic and worshiped gods for each aspect of daily life. -
Period: 220 to
Chapter 14- China
Period of disunion 220-589 Sui Dynasty 589-618 Tang Dynasty 618-Five Dynasties and Ten kingdoms 907-960 Song Dynasty 960-1279 Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368 Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 -
300
14.2- Tong and Song Dynasties- Important Inventions
Tang and Song created some of the most important inventions in the world. Cai Lun created paper which later was used by the woodblock printing, which later evolved into the first printing press. The Tang Dynasty invented gunpowder which was originally used to make fireworks until they realized the could use it for weapons which eventually changed how the wars were fought. Another achievement of the Tang was the compass which allowed explorers to travel vast distances -
300
15.1- Japan-The first Japanese
The people who lived south of the Ainu became the first Japanese. They lived in small farming villages which were ruled by powerful Clans. At the head of each clan was a clan chief, the Japanese believe they descended from nature spirits called Kami. Over time these rituals became part of Shinto, the traditional religion of Japan. -
480
17.2- Franks Build an Empire -Europe
Franks conquered Gaul, now called France. Lead by Clovis, the franks became Christian and created one of the strongest kingdoms in Europe. Charlemange was crowned by Pope Leo III. Charlemange became king and led the Empire to its height in late 700s he spread down from France to now a days Germany. Charlemange spent alot of time at war, took the people captive and killed them unless they converted to christianity. -
500
14.1 Age of Buddhism
Buddhism first arrived in China during the Han Dynasty. During the period of disunion many people took comfort in the fact that people can escape suffering and dwell in a sense of peace. By the end of the disunion Buddhism was well established in China wealthy people donated money to build temples, full of huge statues of Buddha. During the Sui and Tang dynasties Buddhism was spread to many other Asian countries. Buddhism influenced the culture art literature and architecture. -
Period: 500 to
Chapter 15 Japan
Yamato emperors- 500 First written Japanese system -700 Shotoku regent -593-621 Changes in government -600 Shoguns rule Japan 1192-1892 Mongol invasion 1274, 1281 Internal rebellion 1400 Oba Nobunaga Unification 1600 -
Period: 500 to 1500
Chapter 17 the early Middle Ages
Middle Ages 500-1500 Franks conquer Gaul 480s Feudalism 800-1800 . -
800
13.2-Ghana- Trade
The Empire of Ghana became wealthy by controlling the trade of salt and gold. They got their money from taxing the traders who passed through. Or course they wanted to keep the location of the gold mines a secret so they created a system called silent bartering. -
800
17.4- Feudal societies- Europe and Japan
In Europe Feudalism was part of their daily life. Japan had a very similar syste. The empower would give land to the samurai in return for their protection. There are similarities and differences between their societies .
Similarities - Feudalism, royalty, nobles, warriors, warrior codes, peasants worked the land.
Differences -
Europe - Christianity , religious art
Japan - Buddhism, Shinto, Confucianism, Natural themes in art and nature and literature. -
800
17.3- Feudalism-Europe
When the Vikings Magyars and Muslims raided, the Frankish kings were unable to defend their empire. The nobles needed soldiers to protect their land. The soldiers were knights. The nobles would give the soldier land in exchange for their protection, the knights would be called vassals. The noble would be called the lord. A knight could be a vassal and a lord at the same time. This system is called feudalism. -
910
14.3- China- Neo-Confucianism
Confucianism was focused on ethics and proper behavior according to 2 principles ren-concern for others and li-Proper behavior. During the Han dynasty Confucianism was officially the main state philosopy. During the Sui dynasty Confucianism became less popular. But late in the Tang dynasty Scholars became more interested in Confucian and developed a new philosopy called Neo-Confucianism. Neo-Confucianism was similar to Confucianism yet it emphasized spiritual matters.Grew during the Song dynasty -
980
15.2-Japan- Art and Culture
Japan had great works of art. The notes loved to wear silk robes with many layers and gold jewelry with decorative fans. Lady Murasaki Shikbu was one of the greatest writer, who wrote the first full length novel called the The Tale of Genji. Painting calligraphy and architecture were very popular with the noble. They painted on furniture and doors. The architecture was modeled after the capital of China Chang’an. The Japanese create performances called Noh’s a mix of dance speaking and singing. -
Period: 1000 to 1500
Chapter 18- Later Middle Ages
Monks of cluny -900 Turks capture Jerusalem- late 1000s Pope vs. King-1073 cathedrals are built- 1100 compromise between pope and king- 1122 first crusade- 1096 second crusade -1147 third crusade-1189 fourth crusade- 1201 end of the crusades -1291 manga Carta is signed 1215. 100years war 1328 Black Death 1347-1351 -
1073
18.1 - Europe - Popes vs. Kings
The popes and the kings fought for power. The people feared they would get excommunicated by the people and therefore wouldn’t go to heaven. The Kings believed they should be able to choose the bishops of their country but the but popes thought only they could choose the religious officials. For example Pope Gregory VII gregory disapproved the bishop chosen by King Henry IV. Henry got mad and began to question his authority So Gregory excommunicated him. Henry begged Gregory for forgiveness -
1080
18.2 - south west Asia- The crusades
The crusades was long wars fought between Christians and Muslims trying to gain power of the holy land. All was well, the Muslims didn’t bother the Christians who visited their land (Palestine). But in the late 1000s Turkish muslims captures the city. The holy land was no longer safe for the Christians. The Turks began to raid the Byzantine Empire They began to fear they would attack Constantinople. Pope Urban II called on the the different churches to help them attack the Turks -
1085
18.5- Europe- Reconquista
Spain had been tired of being small and weak and the slowly began to take the land away from the moors the efforts to retake Spain was called the Reconquista. They successfully captured Castile a large city. This victory inspired other kingdoms to fight against the Moors. The kingdoms of Aragon and Portugal joined in and practically pushed the Moors completely out of Europe. -
1100
15.3-Japan- Military
Daimyo or large landowners thought they needed to protect their lands and decided to hire samurai, well trained soldiers. Often they were payed in land. Soon the Society rank changed and Shogons ruled over everyone even the emperor. The empower was considered a figurehead, a person who appears to rule even though they are really powerless compared to someone else. -
1100
18.3- Europe - Monks and Friars
The monks of Cluny were very strict. The followed strict prayer schedules and religious services they didn’t pay much attention to the world but were only concerned with religious matters. The friars were people who also belonged to religious orders abut they lived among the community. They owned no land so they begged for food. They wore plain clothes . -
1200
19.1- Italy- trade increases
After the Black Death there weren’t many people but there was no damage in the farmland, buildings,machine,and gold so the people who survived raised more food and products. This caused trade with Asia to increase. The Silk Road reopened and the Chinese and the Romans did their business and trade together. The main trade cities were:
Florence-wool cloth and banking
Milan- weapons and silk
Venice- glass -
Period: 1200 to 1560
Chapter 19
The Italian Renaissance- 1200 Machiavelli’s the prince - 1513 Michelangelo-1475-1564 Leonardo Da Vinci 1452-1519 Gutenberg’s printing press - 1400s Bible translated and printed -1456 Martin Luther’s 95 theses - 1517 John Calvin a religious leader - 1541 Spain rulers defeated 1492 religious wars (30 years war ) - 1562 e -
1215
18.4-Europe- Magna Carta
A group of nobles decided to force the king to respect their rights. They wrote a document and force king John to sign it. The document forced the king to honor certain rights such a habeas corpus meaning people are not aloud to be kept in jail without reason. It meant everyone had to follow the law including the King. This caused the kings power to decrease. The king couldn’t do much without the parliament support -
1279
14.4- Mongol Empire
in 1206 a leader named Genghis Khan organized an army and brutally terrorized people which allowed him to rule almost all of Asia. After Genghis Khans death his grandson Kublai Khan which began the Yuan empire. Marco Polo's visit caused china to become popular. Although the Yuan Dynasty was Giamungus they were not satisfied, and decided to invade Japan, They sent a giant Yuan army, yet they forgot to check the weather and ended up swimming with the fish. This caused the fall of the Yuan empire -
1400
16.2- Aztec religion and warefare- Aztec Empire
The Aztecs worshiped many gods who were believed to control the nature and human activities. They Aztecs needed human sacrifices to please the gods. They most common sacrifices were saves or battle captives. The priest would “feed” the human hearts to the gods. They would sacrifice about 10,000 people a year. -
1400
19.2- Europe- Johann Gutenberg’s Printing press
Many European factories were making paper so it was cheaper and easier to prepare. Johann Gutenberg created a printing press that used movable type. The letters would be fitted into a frame then in was spread across the letters and pressed onto a sheet of paper. The letters were then moved around to make the next page. This printing press aloud the Bible to be printed and translated. -
1490
20.2 - Europe- Great explorers
Henry the Navigator- built a school to teach sailors
Vasco da Gama- discovered a sea route to Asia
Christopher Columbus- discovered America but beleived it was Asia
Ferdinand Magellan- circumnavigated the globe -
Period: 1492 to
Chapter 20
De Gama sailed to Asia: 1498
Scientific relvolution: 1540-1700s
Copernicus’ theory: 1543
Johannes Kepler believes elliptical orbits: late 1500s
Galileo studies the sky: 1630
Newton published his book: 1687
Columbus discovered the “new world” : 1492
Ferdinand Magellan: 1519
Spanish Armada are defeated:1588
Mercantilism: 1500-1800
Capitalism:1800s -
1500
16.3-Inca economy- Inca Empire
The Inca government assigned a job to each family and all the goods and services were distributed to each household. There were pros and cons about this system.
Pros- Everyone gets the same amount of goods, less division, less Judgement.
Cons- Upper class may take better stuff, people may slack in their work. -
1500
20.1-Europe- Great Scientists
Nicolaus Copernicus - Beleived the sun was the center of the universe and all the planets orbited the sun in circular orbits.
Johannes Kepler- discovered plants moved in elliptical orbits around the sun
Galileo Galilei- was the first person to study the sky with a telescope
Isaac Newton- developed the laws of gravity -
1500
20.3- Europe and America- New trade
Plants animals and ideas between the Americas and Europe is known as the Colombian exchange. Europeans would bring new crops animals and ideas when they settled to the new lands. People traveling to Europe brought back goods from the Americas and planted in Europe. The Colonists in the “new world” began to grow plantations. -
1517
19.3 - Europe- Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a man who did not agree with the church teachings. He nail a page to the front door of the church stating 95 complaints the document was call the 95 theses. Thanks to the spread all to neighboring states. Pope Leo X was mad and excommunicated him. Those who agreed with Martin Luther and protested against the Catholic Church were known as Protestants. Which followed Martin Luther’s teachings . -
20.1- Europe- other eras effect enlightenment
The Greek and romans caused the enlightenment thinkers to study the world in a different way, they applied their beliefs to not only the natural world but the human world too. Thomas Aquinas’s Christian teachings of faith and reason together impacted the enlightment thinkers. The renaissance nd reformation caused the enlightenment thinkers to question church authority. Scientific revolution showed natural laws must also govern human society and government. -
Period: to
Chapter 21
1642 Civil war in England starts. John Locke’s ideas 1690 Charles-Louis Montesquieu published his ideas 1748 Rousseau’s published hisideas 1762 Benjamin Franklin taxtation without representation 1766 War broke out 1642 Bill of rights 1689 declaration of independent 1776 new government system 1748 violence in Paris 1789 Maximilian Robespierre executed 1794 -
20.2- Europe - people and their democratic ideas
John Locke- published two treaties on government. Wanted to limit rulers power. Beleived in natural rights for everyone. Life, liberty, and property
Charles Montesquieu-wanted to divide the power into three branches and to protect people’s freedom
Jean-Jacques Rousseau- believed in popular sovereignty (that the government should express the will of the people.) thought government should serve the people. -
20.3- new America- new government system
After America separated from England James Madison wrote the Constitution. The constitution reflected Montesquieus’s ideas about divideing the governments power. The Constitution divided the government into three branches. The legislative branch which makes laws, the executive branch which the president would run enforced the laws and the judicial branch would interpret the laws. -
15 MD -Japan-Architecture
The Japanese architecture is still smililar to some of the buildings today. With tiled roofs and large open spaces . There are still elegant gardens with ponds. These designs were very similar to the buildings in China. -
Chapter 17 - MD- Women in the Middle Ages
In the Middle Ages the women did not have a lot of rights. They supported their families and took care of the manor while their husbands went to war. Many but not all women do the same these days. Their husband will go to work and the wives will do work at home. -
Chapter 18 MD - universities
The earliest universities were built by churches they wanted to teach about religion. Other universities were created to teach about the world. Most universities were built by the clergy they taught many other subjects other than religion. Nowadays universities are more to teach about the world than religion. -
Chapter 19 MD- William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare is known as the greatest writers in all the English language. He wrote many plays comedies, poems, histories, and tragedies. His plays are performed all throughout the world and many movies have been based off his great stories and works. . -
MD chapter 20
In 1748 the Constitution written by James Madison took hold of the government. It divided up the power into three parts, three different branches legislative, executive, and judicial. In the United States this system still remains the government system has three different parts. If James Madison had not written the Constitution,the United States may have one ruler like England. -
13 MD- West African Tradition -Early African civilizations
In West African Art music and Dance was very popular. They were well known for their masks of animals as well as their bright and colorful kente fabric, This has shaped the culture throughout history. These masks and fabrics are still common. The West African dances are still very similar those performed hundreds of years ago. -
Chapter 14 MD- Ming dynasty- Empires of Asia and early America
Near the 1430s a new Ming emperor announced isolationism. He cut off any contact with the rest of the world. This is what caused the fall of the Ming Dynasty. At this point North Korea has announced isolationism just like the Ming Dynasty. This can lead to loss in technology advances from the rest of the world. Which may lead to downfall. -
MD- Chapter 16- Maya , Inca achievements
The Mayans brought us observatories which are used commonly by astronomers, they also brought us the 365 day calendar used everyday.the Inca built masonry buildings so precisely cut they don’t need cement. The Inca also built roads like the ones which we use everyday. -
Chapter 20 MD- Great scientists
Great scientists who helped develop our knowledge we have now of the solar system have had a big impact in history. Without Copernicus, Galilei, or Newton we may be thinking the earth is the center of the solar system.Copernicus helped to realize that the sun was actually the center of the universe. Galilei was the first to actually study the sky with a telescope. He helped to prove many of the theories of our solar system. Newton created the laws of gravity and how planets move through space.