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The War Measures Act was an act which the government passed on August 22nd 1914 that limited the freedom of civilians. “Enemy Aliens" (Canadians whose heritage was that of any enemy country. This would include German, Austrian, Hungarian, and several other small groups of Canadians) would be imprisoned and enslaved in Internment Camps. They faced unjust and awful treatment during the war and were truly believed to be “Enemy Aliens” by many Canadians. -
Women played an important role in the war. They served well as nurses overseas and took roles in the workforce that would traditionally be for men. In addition, the demand for labor was high, and any unemployed women or Canadians found work. Women gained financial independence and a sense of self-worth. Although their roles in the workforce were impactful, many women struggled and although there was great progress, there were a few downfalls for women in the workforce. -
The battle of Vimy Ridge was the largest battle for the Canadians in WW1. Approximately 100,000 Canadian soldiers conquered enemy positions over a four-day span. Canada would now hold an powerful and impactful reputation around the world. But with war, comes great loss. On April 9th, 10,000 Canadians lay dead or wounded, Although greatly impactful around the world, the battle at Vimy Ridge was progressive, but not as much as it was perceived. -
The Military Service Act, passed in 1917, would require men aged 20-45 to serve in the military overseas. Conscription would fuel anger amongst many French-Canadians towards their government. They felt like the government had no right in involving them in a war that had nothing to do with them. Although the Military Service Act provided many exemptions, French-Canadians experienced unfair treatment from English Canadians and the Canadian government. -
During WW1, debt was piling up and as a result, the government turned to its citizens to help finance the war. Personal income tax would be introduced as a “temporary measure” for Canadians. Basic items, such as tobacco and coffee would be taxed. Eligible taxpayers that did not submit a return were fined at high rates. Canada and many Canadians saw a decline economically and financially. -
The Spanish Influenza was one of the largest and dangerous pandemics the world would ever experience. It appeared late in the Great War, killing an estimated 20-100 million people, alongside approximately 50,000 Canadians. The loss of 50,000 Canadians during this pandemic caused great social and economic impact in Canada. Canadians experienced tragedies in the war and would have to fight through the great impacts of the Spanish Influenza. -
The government established new immigration restriction with the introduction of the Immigration Act Amendment. Immigrants from “enemy alien” countries, those who disbelieved in organized government, and those who were mentally or physically defective would be denied entry. Canadian immigrants faced unfair treatment, and minority groups would continue to experience discrimination in Canada. -
An agreement between the national government and various churches was negotiated in 1920 to establish a residential school system in Canada. Children aged 7-15 were taken away from their families and were forcibly sent to these schools. Children were physically and sexually abused at these schools. Thousands of students sadly died in residential schools. The residential school system lasted for several decades in Canada, with the last school closing in the late 20th century. -
In 1922, Frederick Banting and a colleague named Charles Best discovered insulin, and would change the lives of millions in Canada and across the world. Their discovery meant that patients battling diabetes could be treated to regain a healthy life. In 1923, Frederick Banting was awarded with the Nobel Prize for their discovery, and shared his award with Best. -
The Chinese Immigration Act was passed by the government in response to demands for more restrictions against Chinese immigration. This act would restrict the majority of Chinese immigration to Canada, as regulations were rarely met. It is estimated that between 1923-1946, only 15 Chinese immigrants were accepted into Canada, showing a decline in equality amongst the Chinese and minority groups in Canada.
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