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Period: Jan 1, 1299 to
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman empireIt consisted of Muslim Ottoman Turks and extendecd from Southeast Europe to the Middle East. They had powerful gazi warriors and were feared for the possible downfall of Christianity. They were mainly shaman nomads and were introduced to Islam. They eventually captured the Byzantine Empire, as well as several sea trade routes. The empire tolerated different religions and created feudal institutes and a code of laws. It fell after Turkey became a republic. -
Period: Jan 1, 1375 to
Songhai Empire
Songhai EmpireLarges empire of West Africa, with Goa as its capital, becoming a large trading center. Gao rebelled against the Mali Empire with the commander, Sunni Ali, who later conquered the Trans Saharan trade routes and large amounts of the Mali empire. THe empire later had a centralized bureaucracy, governers, laws, several schools, and welcomed immigration. Peace and prosperity occured from urban trade and successful agriculture. Civil wars occured from invading Morraccans and was easily conquered. -
Period: Jan 1, 1394 to Jan 1, 1460
Prince Henry the Navigator
prince henry the NaviagtorPrince Henry built a school and created a fast, lightweight ship called the Caravel to assist his desire of creating a trade route with the Indies and the exploration of Africa. He sent a large number of ships to exlore Africa through out the mid 1400s. -
Jan 1, 1441
Begginng of Portugese Slave Trade
Portugese created several trade locations, mainly in search of gold. They later ebgan to transpport African slaves in exchange for gold. Muslim merchants, especially in Benin were in high demand for slaves, later becoming a major trade center. Poprtugese transported thousands of slaves to different markets by 1500. -
Period: Jan 1, 1451 to Jan 1, 1481
Reign of Mehmed dthe Conquerer
Mehmed ConquererMehmed the Conquerer was a sultan of the Ottoman empire whose goal was to conquer Constantinople. He persuaded his followers to begin a holy war, for it was their duty and it was highly important for the empire. He and his fleet traveled and attacked and conquered the city after several days. The empire extended from Balkan Europe to west Anatolia. -
Period: Jan 1, 1464 to Jan 1, 1492
Reign of Sunni Ali
Sunni AliSunni Ali was the first empoere of Songhay. He was a powerful military leader who expanded the empire into the largest empire in West Africa. He conquered Timbuktu, making Songhai a major trade center. HE controlled several Trans Saharan trade routes and several territories of Mali. -
Period: Jan 1, 1466 to Jan 1, 1520
Moctezuma
MoctezumaMoctezuma was the emeror of the Aztecs who unified and maintained control of the large empire. With the arrival of the Spanish, he peacefully greated them but was soon taken over. -
Period: Nov 10, 1483 to Feb 10, 1546
Martin Luther
Martin LutherHe began the Protestant Reformation by creating the 95 Thesis critisizing the Pope, mainly because of their use of Indulgences to fund the Church. Chaos occured while his book quickly became popular all throughout Germany. Pope Leo X exiled him to hte Wartburg Castle. He continued to translate the Bible and chared his views to the public. He taught that salvation is reached by faith and that Christians must follow the Bible, not the Pope. He wanted to reform the church, not break from it. -
Period: Jan 1, 1487 to Jan 1, 1488
Dias' Voyage into Indian Ocean
DiasBartolomew Dias waas sent by King John II to sail around Africa's southern end. He took two caravels, sailed to Congo, and was blown south eventually manuvering north, almost into the Indian Ocean. Exhausted, he and his crew retreated back to Portugal, passing the Cape of Good Hope. -
Jan 1, 1492
Columbian Exchange
Transefere of people, disease, and animals to the Old and New Worlds. Cuased by European invasion of the Americas; crops from New World were brought back to Old world, revolutionizing diets, and animals were brought to the New world causing environmental damage but also endless meat and hide. Large percentage of New world population died from disease like small pox, influenza, and measles. Caused Spain, Portugal, England, and France to become more culturally and socialy diverse. -
Period: Jan 1, 1492 to Jan 1, 1493
Columbus' First Voyage
MapAccompanied by three large boats, Christopher Columbus traveled to several different islands with the goal of creating a new trade route with China. Throughout the journey, he traveled wo several different eastern islands, eventually loosing one ship and had several deaths, but found a large number of natives and different foreign goods. -
Period: Jan 1, 1502 to
Safavid Empire
Safavid EmpireIt was founded by Ismail who gained independence from the Ottoman Empire. It was Shi'ite Islam and had diverst nomadic ethnic groups. The empire had a powerful army, central power with an increase of nobles and officials, as well as military reforms. They traded with England, making their culture prosper. Corruption, famine, and invasions caused the empire's fall. -
Period: Jul 10, 1509 to May 27, 1564
John Calvin
John CalvinJohn Calvin influenced others about his contrasting beleifs with the policies of the Reformation. He abandoned Roman Catholicism and becaem an important part of the Protestant Reformation. His teachings were known as Calvanism and emphasised that salvation is predetermined and people should elect councils. -
Period: Feb 1, 1519 to Aug 1, 1521
Spanish Conquest of Mexico
Spanish Conquest MexicoOccured with the conquering of the Aztec Empire. Hernan Cortes accompanied by 600 spanish conguistadors were welcomed by Matecuhzamas, who thought of Cortes as a god. Cortes attacked Tenochititlan with thier advanced weapons and disease, causing them to be easily conquered. -
Period: Jan 1, 1520 to Jan 1, 1566
Reign of Suleyman the Magnificent
SuleymanSuleyman the Magnificent was an Ottoman Sultinate. He ruled a very organized empire and had an army with many treasures. He achieved several kind acts and had loyallty from all of his subjects. He created a campaign against the Christian Hungarians and successfully defeated them. He commanded several successful military conquests and was extreamly wealthy. He constructed several mosques, buildings, and aquaducts. -
Period: Jan 1, 1526 to
Mughal Dynasty
Mughal EmpireBobhar traveld to India, defeating the last Delhi Sultanate, creating the Mughal Dynasty. It was later controlled by Akbar the Great who broadened the impire from Afghanisan to Godavari and gave Hindus military positions. Their culture expanded and became one of the greatest empires in the world with riches, centralized control, and great architecture. Aurangzeb later ruled, turning the Empire Muslim and began the empire's downfall. Rebellions and mutiny occured, ending the empire. -
Period: Jan 1, 1545 to Jan 1, 1563
Council of Trent
Council of TrentThe Council of Trent assisted in the result of the Counter Reformation, which the catholic church was against. It was created by Paul III and a council, most of which were Italians who were under control of the pope. It was composed of three sessions, resulting in a conclusion that emphasised the charachteristics of the church and gave the pope more power. -
Period: Jan 1, 1556 to
Reign of Akbar
AkbarAkbar brought prosperity and glory to the Mughal Empire. HE spread the Empire from Afghanistan to the Godavari River. He was a tolerant Muslim ruler who combined Hinduism, Christanity, Janism, and several other religions to create a new faith, Din-i-llahi. He also gave Hindus high military and civil positions. He stopped taxing non Muslims and gained much profit from trade. -
Period: Feb 15, 1564 to
Galileo Galilei
GalileoGalileo was a famous scintist and mathmetition in a once scientifically deprived Europe and greatly contributed to the Scientific Revolution. He made scientific observations, inventions, laws, wrote several books, and reinterpreted the way the universe worked. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa ShogunateThe Tokugawa Shogunate was a military dictatorship in Japan that controlled all power after the Warring States Period. Japan was mainly isolate and a social hierarchy was made; taxes and military services were taken from peasang vassels that led to a rise in poverty. Thhey traded across the Pacific with Dutch and Chinese, allowing them to study western techonology. Japan made advancements in art, literatrue, and Confucian ideas. Foreign invasions from the west made them lose power. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
Thirty Years WarThe Thrity Years war was a sequence of wars occuring between Hasbur and the Danish, Dutch, France, and Sweeden, as well as Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists in Central Europe. IT began with the Bohemian Phase, then the Palatinate pphase, Danish phase, Sweedish phase, French phanse, and finally the Peace of Westphalia. Calviasts and Lutherans were equal, German power was reduced, French controlled Alsace, and Sweedin controlled Pomerania, Bremen and Verden. -
Period: to
John Locke
John LockeInfluential philospher in England during the Enlightenment. He spoke about his thiories of the right of Kings and God, knowledge, and how people should be religiously tolerant. Wrote The Second Treitise of Civil Government, where ruler did not have absolute authority, and argued that life, liberty, and property were protected by the government, and people had the right to go against the government becuase of his idea of natural rights -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
Qing EmperorFounded by Huang Taiji. The Qing captured and set their government into Beijing after capturing it from the Ming. The dynasty created several social and economic policies and established the Sheng administrative system. During the rule of three consecutive emporers, a “golden age” occurred where culture and science prospered. Corruption and rebellions later occurred, causing the end of the empire. -
Period: to
Manchu Empire
Manchu EmpireThe Manchu Empire, or the Qing, captured Beijing and eventually all of China, Xingjiang, and Taiwan. Manchus were mainly tribal and were split into several military organizations. Created their own civil service exam and had a growing passion for Han Chinese learning. Economic issues occurd as well as rebellions, which Manchus were blamed for by the Hans. The empire fell after a republican revolution. -
Period: to
Peter the Great
Peter the GreatCentralized Russia’s government, modernized the army, and created a domestic and foreign policy. He reformed Russia’s church, education, and economy; he created military reforms that strengthened Russia’s army and navy, and governmen reforms that divided it into three sections: local, provincial, and central. -
Period: to
England's Glorious Revolution
England's Glorious RevolutionJames II, a Roman Catholic, King of Great Britain, tried to make the English army and Government Catholic, changing England. He created the Dispensing Power, avoiding the Act of Uniformity and the Test Act and issued indulgences. Protestants called for William III to take the throne becaue of thier fear of having a catholic dynasty. William became king, beginning England's Glorious Revolution. Created constitutional laws, limited monarchy, and a declaration of rights. -
Period: to
Russian Empire
Russian EmpireOccurred in Eastern Europe. It was a large proserpous empire with Orthodox Christianity as its official religion. They defeated Mongol forces and later claimed the East Roman Empire. The Baltic Sea was used and began sea trade. Russia streched to the Black Sea and parts of North America, becoming multiethnic and transcontinental. Industrilization amd governmental reforms grew. World War 1 occurred, causing corrruption. Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate, endind the Russian Empire.
