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The first newspaper to hit Canada
On 23 March 1752, the Canada's first newspaper was sold by a small shop on Grafton Street in Halifax. The two-page newspaper shows the news from Britain, Europe, New England and the other British colonies to the south, somethings that would be the interests for the local government officials, military personnel and business leaders. Notable event that brought Canada's first newspaper in 1750. -
The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar
For the calendar of religious holidays and periods.The calendar is strictly a solar calendar based on a 365-day common year divided into 12 months of irregular lengths. 11 of the months have either 30 or 31 days, while the second month, February, has only 28 days during the common year.
Nearly every 4 years is a Leap Year, when one extra – or intercalary – day is added on 29 February.
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Joseph Coulon de Jumonville
French Canadian military officer dead. On this day in 1754, George Washington tried to snake attack French-Canadian army, and setting off the French & Indian War. The battle of Jumonville Glen lats 15 minutes, according to some saying, it's said that they killed Joseph and ate his brain.
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Acadians ordered deported
From 1755 to 1763, there are about 10,000 Acadians were deported. They moved to many places where around the Altantic. Large mumbers of them moved to England. Thousands of them were died on the board ship becuase of the worst living enviroment and other conditions.To make matters worse, the inhabitants of the English colonies, who had not been informed of the imminent arrival of disease-ridden refugees, were furious. -
New France surrenders to the British
http://sharenews.com/archives/family20101110france-ceded-canada-british-after-conquest-1760/
The Conquest of 1760 was the culmination of 70 years of sporadic warfare between Great Britain and France. Then three British armies converged on the remaining French forces at Montreal, forcing its surrender on September 8, 1760. It was an overwhelming and convincing military victory, and it persuaded the French to cede Canada to the British when peace was formally made in 1763. -
Treaty of Paris seals the fall of New France
http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/chrono/1000fall_of_e.shtml
The French and Canadien survivors of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham escaped to Montréal. They returned in April 1760 and defeated the British at St. Foy, driving them back behind the fortifications of Québec.One came from Quebec, another sailed up Lake Champlain, a third came down the Upper St. Lawrence. With no hope of reinforcements from Europe, the French surrendered on 8 September. -
the first civil governor of the Province of Quebec
In October 1760 Murray was appointed military governor of the District of Québec and in November 1763 governor of the province. He was sworn in as the first civil governor 10 August 1764. A member of the landed gentry, he supported the agrarian, French-speaking inhabitants over the newly arrived, English-speaking merchants. -
Guy Carleton succeeds Murray as governor of Québec
He opposed the division of the Province of Québec into Upper and Lower Canada and the elected assemblies provided for by the CONSTITUTIONAL ACT, 1791, but advised the retention of Montréal in the lower province. Expecting war with the US just before the signing of JAY'S TREATY in 1794, he made an inflammatory speech to natives and ordered the reoccupation of Fort Miamis (Maumee, Ohio). -
Carleton's recommendations are instituted in the Québec Act
On May 20, 1774, in the interest of political realism, the British government had the Parliament of Westminster adopt the Québec Act, a constitutional law designed to modify the status of the "Province of Québec." The law's full title was An Act for making more effectual Provision for the Government of the Province of Québec in North America. -
Quebec Act comes into force
The Quebec Act of 1774 introduced a colonial governor and an appointed council of 17–23 members. The Act was silent on the use of French, but a new oath allowed Roman Catholics to accept office. The council was not empowered to impose taxes, a matter separately dealt with under the Quebec Revenue Act. The seigneurial system was retained and French civil law was restored, supplemented by English criminal law. -
Canada Influences American Revolution
The Québec Act was so powerful and wide-spread that it actually incited the American Revolution, which began in 1775. -
American invaders under General Montgomery assault Quebec
In September 1775 rebel General Richard Montgomery led American forces on the first major offensive of the war, seizing the forts at Ticonderoga and Crown Point in northern New York, and Fort Chambly in Québec. The Americans occupied Montréal without a fight on 28 November. -
The American revolutionary war ends
In 1783, the Treaty of Paris ended the war and recognized the sovereignty of the United States over the territory bounded roughly by what is now Canada to the north, Florida to the south, and the Mississippi River to the west. -
Treaty of Versailles creates the border between the 2 countries
accepted from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake of the Woods -
Province of New Brunswick formed
These spheres were originally outlined in the BNA Act (Constitution Act, 1867), and have been subject to subsequent amendment and judicial interpretation. Women achieved the provincial vote in 1919, but were not entitled to run for provincial office until 1934. -
Forming of the Mackenzie River
Alexander Mackenzie came in 1789, following the full length of the river aptly named for him. Other traders followed, establishing posts along the way. From the 1820s supplies were carried by York boats. The first steamer plied the Athabasca River in 1884, and in 1886 operated north of Fort Smith. From 1920 to 1940 flat-bottomed sternwheelers plied the river, but after 1945 they were replaced by tugs and barges. The tugs are now equipped with radar and depth sounders. -
Upper and lower canada is formed
In a bid to end the French-English conflict, Lord Grenville, Secretary of State with the Colonial Office, presented the British Parliament with a bill dividing the "Province of Québec" along ethnic lines into two separate entities: Upper Canada in the west and Lower Canada in the east. -
Mackenzie reached the Pacific at Dean Channel
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Alexander Mackenzie, first man to cross North America north of Mexico
After borrowing canoes from the local Nuxalk (or Bella Coola), they followed the Bella Coola River to the Pacific, arriving on 22 July. On a rock, Mackenzie used a mixture of vermillion and grease to write these memorable words: “Alexander Mackenzie, from Canada by land, the twenty-second of July, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three.” -
York Became The Capital of upper Canada
The first leader of the wilderness society tried to creat a new government in Canada with a form of happy and superior. He tried to get the attation of Americans and Englishes.Governmental institutions were established, first at Newark (Niagara-on-the-Lake) and then at the new capital at York (Toronto).
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Mackenzie is knighted and becomes a member of the XY Company.
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The XY Company is reorganized under Mackenzie's name
In 1800 Alexander Mackenzie joined the new concern, which then became popularly known as "Alexander Mackenzie & Co." Rivalry became intense and costly. The use of liquor in the trade rose sharply; more employees were needed and were able to sue for higher wages in both firms. -
Le Canadien
On March 17, 1810, the press and the papers of the editorial office on rue Saint-François were seized by the government. The printer Charles Lefrançois was imprisoned and a patrol searched the city for conspirators. The Quebec Mercury had previously insinuated that the French Canadians and the Americans were plotting against England. Two days later, no conspirators had been found. Bédard, Blanchet and Taschereau were arrested and also jailed. -
Slavery is abolished in British colonies.
The act abolished the Slave Trade in the British colonies. It became illegal to carry slaves in British ships. The ultimate aim, however, had always been the abolition of slavery itself. The abolitionists had assumed that ending the Slave Trade would eventually lead to the freeing of all enslaved people. -
U.S. troops attack and burn York
A ship, the Sir Isaac Brock, then under construction, was burned; the naval stores were destroyed; and the grand magazine at the fort was set on fire. This last act of defiance, later seen by the Americans as a deliberate, cruel trick, was devastating. -
Beginning of the War of 1812
Meanwhile, by late 1811 the so-called “War Hawks” in Congress were putting more and more pressure on Madison, and on June 18, 1812, the president signed a declaration of war against Britain. Most Western and Southern congressmen supported war, while Federalists (especially New Englanders who relied heavily on trade with Britain) accused war advocates of using the excuse of maritime rights to promote their expansionist agenda. -
Americans burn York
On 27 April 1813, the U.S. Army and Navy attacked York with 2700 men on fourteen ships and schooners, armed with eighty-five cannon. The defending force of 750 British, Canadians, Mississaugas, and Ojibways had twelve cannon.The Americans returned to a defenceless York in July 1813 to burn barracks and other buildings that they missed in April. Shortly afterwards, the British rebuilt Fort York on what is both today's and Simcoe's original site. -
Métis and a few Indians Massacre Selkirk settlers at Seven Oaks (Winnipeg)
The Battle of Seven Oaks was a violent confrontation in what was known as the Pemmican War between the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company, rivals in the fur trade, that took place on 19 June 1816. It was the climax of a long dispute in western Canada. The Métis people, who fought for the North West Company, called it "the Victory of Frog Plain". -
Hudson's Bay Company absorbs North West Company.
In 1820 the British Secretary of State for War and Colonies was forced to step in and issues directives to both companies to restrict and cease their aggressive actions against one another. By July of 1821 a merger was forced upon the Northwest Company which resulted in their 97 posts and forts being amalgamated into the HBC system at the end of the great company. George Simpson became the new head of the HBC and their new head quarters was located in Lachine Quebec. -
Miramichi Fire kills more than 160 persons and consumes 6,000 square miles of forest in New Brunswick.
After a summer of sparse rain, sporadic wildfires in Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick reached disastrous levels in October 1825. Strong winds spurred the conflagration, which burned through forests and settlements in Maine and along the Miramichi River in Canada. Among the worst wildfires in North American history, the Miramichi fire burned 3 million acres, killed 160 people and left 15,000 homeless. -
Reform editor William Lyon Mackenzie's printing shop in York is wrecked by Family Compact members
On June, 1826, a group of young men were seen breaking into the Colonial Advocate’s office late at night while Mackenzie was out of town on business. Most of these men were law students, lawyers, and respected businessmen. The men terrorized Mackenzie’s wife and son, and the employees; they wrecked the press and threw his type in the nearby bay. Outside the building stood more than one magistrate witnessing the attacks without interfering. -
Shawnandithit, the last of the Beothuks, dies at about age twenty-eight in St. John's, Newfoundland.
Shanawdithit (ca. 1801 – June 6, 1829), also noted as Shawnadithititis, Shawnawdithit, Nancy April and Nancy Shanawdithit, was the last known living member of the Beothuk people of Newfoundland, Canada. Also remembered for drawings she made towards the end of her life, Shawnawdithit was in her late twenties when she died of tuberculosis in St. John's, Newfoundland. -
Reform newspaper publisher Joseph Howe's oratory wins him acquittal on a libel charge and establishes freedom of the press.
The Libel trial of Joseph Howe was a court case heard 2 March 1835 in which newspaper editor Joseph Howe was charged with seditious libel by civic politicians in Nova Scotia. Howe's victory in court was considered monumental at the time. In the first issue of the Novascotian following the acquittal, Howe claimed that "the press of Nova-Scotia is Free." -
Canada's first railway
The first railway line in British North America, the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad, connected it with Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu on July 21, 1836; the railway has 16 miles (26 km). The construction of a rail line between La Prairie and Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu would greatly accelerate the commercial development of the village. Sea transport equally played an important role in La Prairie's history. -
Patriot rebels defeat British troop at Saint-Denis, Que.
Papineau escaped to the United States, and other rebels organized in the countryside. Led by Wolfred Nelson, they defeated a British force at Saint-Denis on November 23, 1837. The British troops soon beat back the rebels, defeating them at Saint-Charles on November 25 and at Saint-Eustache on December 14. The troops pillaged and ransacked Saint-Eustache. On December 5, the government declared martial law in Montreal. -
Upper Canada rebels scatter after militiamen attack and burn Montgomery's Tavern (rebel headquarters)
When the Lower Canada Rebellion broke out in the Fall of 1837, Sir Francis Bond Head sent the British troops stationed in Toronto (formerly York) to help suppress it. With the regular troops gone, William Lyon Mackenzie and his followers seized a Toronto armoury and organized an armed march down Yonge Street, beginning at Montgomery's Tavern (on Yonge St just north of Eglinton Avenue – the present-day site of Postal Station K) on December 4, 1837. -
Upper Canada becomes Canada West, and Lower Canada becomes Canada East: they are united into Province of Canada
Papineau escaped to the United States, and other rebels organized in the countryside. Led by Wolfred Nelson, they defeated a British force at Saint-Denis on November 23, 1837. The British troops soon beat back the rebels, defeating them at Saint-Charles on November 25 and at Saint-Eustache on December 14. The troops pillaged and ransacked Saint-Eustache. On December 5, the government declared martial law in Montreal. -
Oregon Treaty sets the 49th parallel as the western Canada/U.S. boundary.
The Oregon Treaty is a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States that was signed on June 15, 1846, in Washington, D.C. Signed under the presidency of James K. Polk, the treaty brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing American and British claims to the Oregon Country; the area had been jointly occupied by both Britain and the U.S. since the Treaty of 1818. -
Lieut. Graham Gore's sledge party leaves the icebound ships of the Franklin Expedition to seek the last link in the Northwest passage.
On the 9th of February 1847 John Ross true to his word to Franklin before he set sail approached the Admiralty Board in London with a rescue plan. He was initially rejected, as he was again later with a more detailed plan and as was another plan from a Dr. King. The expedition had been away for two winters at this point, it was known that they had provisions for at least another one. -
Franklin expedition ships Erbus and Terror abandoned. All 130 expeditions members will perish.
According to a note dated 25 April 1848, and left on the island by Fitzjames and Crozier, Franklin had died on 11 June 1847; the crew had wintered on King William Island in 1846–47 and 1847–48, and the remaining crew had planned to begin walking on 26 April 1848 toward the Back River on the Canadian mainland. Nine officers and fifteen men had already died; the rest would die along the way. -
Marco Polo, to be the fastest ship in the world, launched at Saint John, New Brunswick.
The Marco Polo was a sailing ship of 1625 tons launched in April 1851 from the building yard of James Smith, Courtney Bay, Saint John, New Brunswick. She was the most famous ship built in New Brunswick, cutting a week off the previous record run from England to Australia, completing the round trip in less than 6 months and earning the title "Fastest Ship in the World." She remained in the Australian trade for 15 years before being bought by Norwegian owners for the Québec timber trade. -
Province of Canada issues British North America's first postage stamp.
Examples of British North America stamps are shown above. Postage stamps of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada were first issued in 1851. -
Canada and the U.S. sign a Reciprocity Treaty, ensuring reduction of customs duties.
Great Britain's abrogation of protective tariffs in 1846 led Canada to look for new export opportunities for its products. So it turned to its neighbour to the South, the United States. -
James Douglas, already governor of Vancouver Island, sworn in as governor of British Columbia
In the fall of 1858, escalating tensions between the miners and the Nlaka'pamux people of the central area of the canyon broke into the Fraser Canyon War. Douglas' actions in asserting British sovereignty over the mainland is generally conceded today to have helped exert control over American miners, and undermine American territorial ambitions toward this part of British North America. Shortly thereafter, the Colonial Office formally ratified Douglas' proclamation of sovereignty and establishe -
The cornerstone of the Parliament buildings is laid.
The event took place on the fifty-ninth anniversary of the laying of the original cornerstone by his grandfather, the future King Edward VII, in 1860. Among the many dignitaries attending the event were the Prime Minister, Sir Robert Borden, the Governor General - the Duke of Devonshire, and the two architects of the new Centre Block, John A. Pearson and Omer Marchand. -
Billy Barker strikes gold on Williams Creek in the Caribou country of British Columbia
Forming the Barker Company with seven other Englishmen in 1862, Barker sank a shaft below the canyon at Williams Creek where the depth of the overburden made people believe that gold would never be found. At a depth of forty feet, Barker and company struck pay dirt.News of the Barker strike spread rapidly. Soon, the town of Barkerville, named after Billy Barker, was born. -
Charlottetown Conference opens to discuss the confederation of British North America colonies.
The Charlottetown Conference was held in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island for representatives from the colonies of British North America to discuss Canadian Confederation. The conference took place between September 1st through 9th 1864. -
Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia are combined into one colony named British Columbia.
The Colony of British Columbia was a crown colony that resulted from the amalgamation of the two former colonies, the Colony of Vancouver Island and the mainland Colony of British Columbia. The two former colonies were united in 1866, and the united colony existed until its incorporation into the Canadian Confederation in 1871. -
British Columbia joins Confederation.
When British Columbia joined Confederation it was so remote from the rest of Canada that mail going east had to carry an American stamp and go through San Francisco. Miners washing goldThe colony was large and rich in resources, but its population was small, perhaps only 11,000 Europeans and about 26,000 native people. -
The Intercolonial Railway, growing out of the Halifax-Truro line, links central Canada and the Maritimes.
The Intercolonial Railway of Canada also referred to as the Intercolonial Railway (ICR), was a historic Canadian railway that operated from 1872 to 1918, when it became part of Canadian National Railways. As the railway was also completely owned and controlled by the federal government, the Intercolonial was also one of Canada's first Crown corporations. -
The world's first long-distance phone call connects the Bell residence with a shoe and boot store in nearby Paris, Ontario
August 10 - The world's first long-distance phone call connects the Bell residence with a shoe and boot store in nearby Paris, Ontario. -
Sandford Fleming proposes the idea of standard time
At a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institute on February 8, 1879 he linked it to the anti-meridian of Greenwich. He suggested that standard time zones could be used locally, but they were subordinate to his single world time, which he called Cosmic Time. He continued to promote his system at major international conferences[9] including the International Meridian Conference of 1884. That conference accepted a different version of Universal Time. -
Louis Riel proclaims an illegal provisional government at Batoche, Sask. The Northwest Rebellion has begun.
In March 1885, Riel, Gabriel Dumont, Honoré Jackson (a.k.a. Will Jackson), and others set up the Provisional Government of Saskatchewan, believing that they could influence the federal government in the same way as they had in 1869. -
Batoche falls, Riel taken prisoner
When the jury returned from deliberation, a guilty verdict was pronounced with a recommendation for mercy. One juror later wrote to Parliament, commenting on reasons for the jury recommending mercy: “Had the Government done their duty and redressed the grievances of the half-breeds of Saskatchewan...there would never have been a second Riel Rebellion, and consequently no prisoner to try and condemn.” -
The last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway main line is driven at Craigellachie, BC. The next year, Vancouver is founded as the railway's western terminus.
On 7 November 1885, the last spike was driven at Craigellachie, British Columbia, making good on the original promise. Four days earlier, the last spike of the Lake Superior section was driven in just west of Jackfish, Ontario. While the railway was completed four years after the original 1881 deadline, it was completed more than five years ahead of the new date of 1891 that Macdonald gave in 1881. -
Riel hanged at Regina.
Riel was executed on a public gallows in Regina on 16 November 1885. His body was transported to Saint-Boniface, where his remains were taken to the cathedral’s cemetery at the head of a massive procession made up of the leaders of French Manitoba. His grave, as well as his home, remain well-visited historic sites to this day. -
John A. Macdonald dies age 76.
Macdonald suffered a stroke, which left him partially paralysed and unable to speak. "The Old Chieftain" lingered for days, remaining mentally alert, before dying in the late evening of Saturday, 6 June 1891. Thousands filed by his open casket in the Senate Chamber; his body was transported by funeral train to his hometown of Kingston, with crowds greeting the train at each stop. -
Gold is discovered in the Klondike.
Gold was discovered in mid-August 1896 by George Carmack, an American prospector, Keish and Káa Goox — Tagish First Nation members into whose family Carmack had married. The discovery was made on Rabbit Creek, a small tributary of the Klondike River. -
George Carmack stakes a claim after striking gold on Rabbit Creek in the Klondike.
On the morning of August 17, 1896, Carmack blazed a small spruce tree with his hand axe, and on the upstream side wrote with a pencil:
To Whom It May Concern
I do this day, locate and claim by right of discovery, five hundred feet running upstream from this notice. Located this 17th day of August, 1896. -
Province and territories joined Confederation, or were created from existing parts of Canada: Yukon Territory
This drove a population increase that justified the establishment of a police force, just in time for the start of the Klondike Gold Rush in 1897. The increased population coming with the gold rush led to the separation of the Yukon district from the Northwest Territories and the formation of the separate Yukon Territory in 1898. -
Boer War-Attack, concentration camp/ blockhouseline, Pietersburg, Tvl
The Second Boer War otherwise known as the Second Anglo-Boer War, was fought from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902 between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on the one hand, and the South African Republic and the Orange Free State on the other. -
Saskatchewan and Alberta join Confederation.
Alberta joined Confederation along with Saskatchewan in 1905, when the two new provinces were created out of a section of the Northwest Territories. Canada adopted the Alberta Act and the Saskatchewan Act on 1 September 1905, and the new provinces — Canada's 7th and 8th — entered Confederation. Edmonton became Alberta's capital. -
Roald Amundsen's Gjoa reaches Nome, Alaska, after becoming the first ship to sail the Northwest Passage.
. It had to stop for the winter before going on to Nome on the Alaska District's Pacific coast. Five hundred miles (800 km) away, Eagle City, Alaska, had a telegraph station; Amundsen traveled there (and back) overland to wire a success message (collect) on 5 December 1905. His team reached Nome in 1906. Because the water along the route was sometimes as shallow as 3 ft (0.91 m), a larger ship could not have made the voyage -
J. A. D. McCurdy makes the first manned flight in the British Empire, at Baddect, N.S.
The flight at Baddeck on 23 February 1909, commemorated by this plaque,
was the first flight in Canada, and in the British Empire.
Eighteen weeks earlier, on 16 October 1908, Samuel Franklin Cody made
a flight of 1390 feet 424 metres over Laffin's Plain, Farnborough, England,
which is recognized by the Royal Aero Club as the first powered flight in
England — but not in the British Empire, because the British Empire
consisted of terrirories other than the United Kingdom. -
Royal Canadian Navy formed.
on 12 January 1910, the government of Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier took Foster's resolution and introduced it as the Naval Service Bill. After third reading, the bill received royal assent on 4 May 1910, becoming the Naval Service Act which created a Department of the Naval Service under the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, who also became the Minister of the Naval Service -
The First World War begins.
The First World War begins. Britain declares war on Germany on behalf of the British Empire, including Canada.When Britain declared war in 1914, the dominions were automatically at war; at the conclusion, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa were individual signatories of the Treaty of Versailles -
The first Canadian troops leave for England.
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Battle of Festubert.
The battle of Festubert was in effect a second phase of the recently failed attack on Aubers Ridge. The strategic context and why this battle took place are explained on that page. Once again, the attack would take the form of a pincer attack with two assault frontages: a northern one along the Rue du Bois near Port Arthur and Richebourg l’Avoue, and a southern one at Festubert. -
The Bluenose is launched at Lunenburg, N.S..
The original Bluenose was launched as a Grand Banks fishing and racing schooner on 26 March 1921 in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. It was designed by William Roué and built by the Smith and Rhuland Shipyard. -
The Balfour Report defines British dominions as autonomous and equal in status.
The Balfour Report of 1926 declared that Britain and its Dominions were constitutionally equal to each other. It was a landmark document confirming Canada as a fully independent country, united with Britain and the other Dominions through the Commonwealth. -
Britain's Privy Council awards Labrador to Newfoundland instead of Québec.
It found that the evidence supported Newfoundland's inland claim as far as the watershed line or height of land. The court's decision in March 1927 settled the boundary in its present location. -
North American stock markets crash and the Great Depression begins.
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place during the 1930s. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations; however, in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world's economy can decline. -
Canada's first woman senator is Cairine Wilson。
Their tenacity was rewarded on October 18, 1929, when the five men of the Privy Council decided, “the exclusion of women from all public offices is a relic of days more barbarous than ours. And to those who would ask why the word ‘person’ should include females, the obvious answer is, why should it not?”A few months later, on February 15, 1930, Canada’s first female senator, Cairine Wilson, was sworn in. -
British parliament passes the Statute of Westminster, giving Canada final independence.
Finally in 1931, at the request and with the consent of the Dominions, the Statute of Westminster was passed by the British Parliament, further clarifying and cementing the Dominions' legislative independence. -
The National Library is established in Ottawa.
The National Library of Canada, located on OTTAWA's Wellington Street, was originally established by an Act of Parliament in 1953. It joined with the NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF CANADA in 2004 to become LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA. The post of National Librarian was a Governor-in-Council appointment reporting to Parliament through the Minister of Canadian Heritage. The Library's original mandate to acquire, preserve, promote and provide access to the published heritage of Canada for all Canadians。 -
The Bank of Canada is created with a mandate to be the sole issuer of Canadian bank notes.
On March 11, 1935, the Bank of Canada began operations, following the granting of Royal Assent to the Bank of Canada Act. Initially, the Bank had been founded as a privately-owned corporation, a move taken in order to ensure the Bank would be free from partisan political influence. Earlier, in 1933, Prime Minister R.B. Bennett had instituted the Royal Commission on Banking and Currency and it reported its policy recommendations in favour of the establishment of a Central Bank for Canada. -
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation is established.
Although some local stations in Canada predate CBC's founding, CBC is the oldest existing broadcasting network in Canada, first established in its present form on November 2, 1936. Radio services include CBC Radio One, CBC Radio 2, Ici Radio-Canada Première, Ici Musique and the international radio service Radio Canada International. -
Trans Canada Air Lines begins regular flights
With heavy involvement from C. D. Howe, a senior minister in the Mackenzie King cabinet, TCA was created by the Crown Corporation Canadian National Railways , and launched its first flight on September 1, 1937, on a flight between Vancouver and Seattle. An air-mail contract with Canada Post was one of the methods by which TCA was financed. -
The Japanese attack the U.S. Naval base at Pearl Harbor, in Hawaii, and Canada declares war on Japan.
On December 6, they came to within 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) of the mouth of Pearl Harbor and launched their midget subs at about 01:00 on December 7. At 03:42 Hawaiian Time, the minesweeper Condor spotted a midget submarine periscope southwest of the Pearl Harbor entrance buoy and alerted the destroyer Ward. -
The Dieppe raid, Canada's first participation in the European theatre, is a disaster.
During the Second World War, on 19 August 1942, the Allies launched a major raid on the small French coast port of Dieppe. Operation Jubilee was the first Canadian Army engagement in the European war, designed to test the Allies' ability to launch amphibious assaults against Adolf Hitler's "Fortress Europe." The raid was a disaster: More than 900 Canadian soldiers were killed, and thousands more were wounded and taken prisoner. -
Canadians participate in the invasion of Sicily
By the spring of 1943, Canadians sailors and airmen had gained a considerable amount of battle experience, but the Canadian Army, stationed in Great Britain, had not been involved in any large-scale land operations. The need for battle experience and the growing public demand for action led to the decision to include the 1st Canadian Infantry Division and the 1st Canadian Army Tank Brigade in the assault on Sicily. This was to be the prelude to the invasion of mainland Europe. -
Canada joins the United Nations.
The United Nations officially came into being on October 24, 1945. By that date a majority of the 50 countries that had signed the UN Charter in San Francisco on June 26, 1945, had ratified it in their national parliaments. The UN replaced the League of Nations, which had been created by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Canada, a participant at the San Francisco Conference (April 25 to June 26, 1945), is one of the founding members of the United Nations. -
The Korean War ends.
The armistice, signed on July 27, established a committee of representatives from neutral countries to decide the fate of the thousands of prisoners of war on both sides. It was eventually decided that the POWs could choose their own fate–stay where they were or return to their homelands. A new border between North and South Korea was drawn, which gave South Korea some additional territory and demilitarized the zone between the two nations. -
Marilyn Bell is the first person to swim across Lake Ontario
One September night, Bell started her swim across Lake Ontario from Queens Beach Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario to Toronto at virtually the same time as world famous United States long-distance swimmer, Florence Chadwick. The Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto had offered Chadwick $10,000 to swim the lake as a publicity effort for the annual exhibition. Bell, who felt the offer snubbed Canadian swimmers, took on the challenge without pay with the encouragement of Alexandrine Gibb。 -
The Canadian Labour Congress is formed.
By the 1950s, the time had come for a single, country-wide labour organization to help unions work together around common goals. Industrial growth, the rising influence of “big business” and expanding government involvement in the social and economic life of the country demanded a strong, unified voice for working Canadians. That led to the creation of the CLC in 1956. -
John Diefenbaker and the Conservatives win a minority government.
The Canadian federal election of 1957 was held June 10, 1957, to select the 265 members of the House of Commons of Canada. In one of the great upsets in Canadian political history, the Progressive Conservative Party, led by John Diefenbaker, brought an end to 22 years of Liberal rule, as the Tories were able to form a minority government. -
Lester B. Pearson wins the Nobel Peace Prize for helping resolve the Suez Crisis.
In the 1957 Canadian election, Pearson’s Liberals, under the leadership of Prime Minister Louis St–Laurent, faced accusations that they had betrayed Britain — still regarded by many Canadians as the Mother Country. Pearson defended his position as the best way to stop the fighting before it spread. The hostile view of some Canadians towards their country's role in the Suez Crisis is thought to have played a part in the Liberal government's defeat in the national election. -
The Conservatives are returned to minority status in a federal election.
In the 1962 election, the Tories won only a minority. This time, the momentum was with the Liberals and the imploding Tories were all but incapable of governing due largely to a split in Diefenbaker's Cabinet over the deployment of Bomarc missiles in Canada. The government was defeated in the House on a confidence issue on February 5, 1963, forcing the 1963 federal election which the Tories lost. -
Canada becomes the third nation in space with the launch of the satellite Alouette I.
Launched on September 29, 1962, the Alouette-I scientific satellite marked Canada's entry into the space age and was seen by many as initiating the most progressive space program of that era.Sprung from a two-stage Thor-Agena rocket, Alouette-I was quickly put into a near perfect 1000 km orbit and soon began its top-down study of the ionosphere. -
Canada's last executions take place in Toronto.
Capital punishment in Canada dates back to 1759, in its days as a British colony. Before Canada eliminated the death penalty for murder on July 14, 1976, 1,481 people had been sentenced to death, and 710 had been executed.The only method used in Canada for capital punishment of civilians after the end of the French regime was hanging. The last execution in Canada was the double hanging of Arthur Lucas and Ronald Turpin on December 11, 1962, at Toronto's Don Jail. -
Canada gets a new red-and-white, maple leaf flag
The committee eventually decided to recommend the single-leaf design, which was approved by resolution of the House of Commons on December 15, 1964, followed by the Senate on December 17, 1964, and proclaimed by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, to take effect on February 15, 1965. -
The War Measures Act is invoked, banning the FLQ and leading eventually to nearly 500 arrests.
In October 1970, the nation held its collective breath as events in Quebec unfolded. The October crisis, initiated by the kidnappings of James Cross and Pierre Laporte by the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ), was one of the most stunning events of the period, and the subject of intense discussion in the media as well as academic and political circles for decades. -
The House of Commons criticizes U.S. bombing of North Vietnam.
Canada did not fight in the Vietnam War and diplomatically it was "officially non-belligerent". The country's troop deployments to Vietnam were limited to a small number of national forces in 1973 to help enforce the Paris Peace Accords. Nevertheless, the war had considerable effects on Canada, while Canada and Canadians affected the war, in return. -
Henry Morgentaler is acquitted of illegal abortion charges in Montréal.
To summarize, between 1973 and 1975, Morgentaler was tried three times in Montreal for defying the abortion law; each time, he raised the defence of necessity, and each time he was acquitted. Each time, the jury took less time to reach their decision to acquit: at the third trial, they took one hour. This is called jury nullification—the refusal of juries to enforce a law that they perceive to be unjust. -
Trudeau's Liberals win a majority government.
By-elections to the 30th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the Canadian House of Commons between the 1974 federal election and the 1979 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a majority government for the entirety of the 30th Canadian Parliament, though their number did decrease from by-elections.27 seats became vacant during the life of the Parliament. 25 of these vacancies were filled through by-elections, and 2 seats remained vacant when the 1979 federal election. -
A Québec referendum rejects sovereignty-association.
The 1980 Quebec referendum was the first referendum in Quebec on the place of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path toward sovereignty. The referendum was called by Quebec's Parti Québécois government, which strongly favoured secession from Canada. See also 1995 Quebec referendum.The province-wide referendum took place on Tuesday, May 20, 1980, and the proposal to pursue secession was defeated by a 59.56 percent to 40.44 percent margin. -
Québec bans public signs in English.
English-speaking Quebecers refers to the English-speaking minority of the primarily French-speaking province of Quebec, Canada. The English-speaking community in Quebec constitutes an official linguistic minority population under Canadian law. -
Canada gets a new Constitution Act, including a Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
The Charter guarantees certain political rights to Canadian citizens and civil rights of everyone in Canada from the policies and actions of all areas and levels of government. It is designed to unify Canadians around a set of principles that embody those rights. The Charter was signed into law by Queen Elizabeth II of Canada on April 17, 1982, along with the rest of the Act. -
Jeanne Sauve is Canada first woman governor general.
In 1983 the Trudeau era was beginning to wind down and in December he proposed Jeanne Sauvé be appointed as successor to Ed Schreyer as the Governor General of Canada. After a stint in the Hospital with an undisclosed illness she took up the role as Governor General on May 14, 1984. -
Canadian forces join the multinational forces in the battle to drive Saddam Hussein's Iraqi troops from Kuwait.
In late 1990 and early 1991, the Canadian Armed Forces and the military of other coalition countries moved into the region and prepared for the showdown.The coalition forces began a devastating air campaign after a UN-set deadline for Iraqi withdrawal was ignored. This was followed by an armour and infantry offensive that rapidly pushed the Iraqis out of Kuwait and well back into their own country. This fulfilled the coalition's mandate to liberate Kuwait. -
Kim Campbell Became The First Female Prime Minister
The rise of Kim Campbell in Federal Canadian politics was relatively fast as was her ultimate demise. Canada's 19th Prime Minister was also it's first female PM. She defeated Jean Charest, a long-time Conservative stalwart and highly respected member of the cabinet. http://41.media.tumblr.com/eb926fa1d646a751a00037ba4636234e/tumblr_ne8jz63JBT1tx6w8vo1_500.jpg -
Separatist Jacques Parizeau becomes the premier of Quebec.
In Quebec, the 1994 provincial election brought the sovereigntist Parti Québécois back to power, led by Jacques Parizeau. The party's platform promised to hold a referendum on sovereignty during his term in office as premier. The PQ won a majority government with 44.75% of the popular vote. -
RADARSAT is launched as the first Canadian earth observation satellite and first non-communications satellite since 1971.
It was launched at 14:22 UTC on March 19, 1995, from Vandenberg AFB in California, into a sun-synchronous orbit above the Earth with an altitude of 798 kilometres and inclination of 98.6 degrees. Developed under the management of the Canadian Space Agency in co-operation with Canadian provincial governments and the private sector, it provided images of the Earth for both scientific and marketing purposes. -
the end
