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The Gunpowder plot
The gunpowder plot was a plot against the king by a group whose name was anonymous. Guy Fawkes was the person to guard the barrels of gunpowder that had been dragged to the wine cellar. His job was to, at the right moment, set the gunpowder on fire and explode parliament, preferably where the king was sitting. But, their plan failed. The king sent soldiers to the cellar, and captured Fawkes. He was tortured and then killed where his head would be severed and put on a rod as a warning to others. -
The Palace of Versailles
Commissioned by King Louis the XIV/14, sun king, The palace of Versailles became the official residence of the court and government of France on May 6, 1682. By providing enough space to house the courtiers , the chateau and its outbuildings helped to domesticate the nobility. Under the kings ever watchful eye, great lords would have a hard time plotting against the king or each other- they remained with the army or court, ready to please and serve. -
English civil war (1642-1651)
In 1603 Queen the 1st Elizabeth died. She never married, so there were no heirs to continue the Tudor Dynasty.
Reasons for the English Civil war –
Parliament got worse for Charles 1 and refused to give him money unless he signed the petition of rights in 1628: The king could not jail people without a good reason, The king cannot make taxes without parliament approval, and the king could not keep his soldiers in peoples homes and could not use army to maintain order during peacetime. -
New Commonwealth in England
Life in the Commonwealth was harsh because it was led by Cromwell and the Puritans. Forced Strict religious rules on people of England. It was illegal to go to theaters and sporting events. Mary making and amusement were illegal. Citizens hated living this way and began to want to bring back a king again. -
The Restoration
The restoration- People grew tired of the severe religious rule of Oliver Cromwell and the Puritans. Many wanted a king again. In 1660, Charles 1 became king of England – Charles 2 was called the Merry Monarch because he brought back theaters, events, dancing and he got along with Parliament!! Charles 2 learned from the lessons of his father and grandfather. He did not try to rule by divine right and did not threaten parliament authority. He passed habeas corpus law. -
The Glorious Revolution
Glorious Revolution-
James ignored parliament‘s religious laws, and appointed Catholics to government and university positions. Parliament was worried the throne would go to James 2’s son who was to be raised Catholic. Encouraged William of orange (the ruler of the Netherlands who was married to James 2’s daughter Mary) to invade and take over. The reason parliament goes to James daughter is because she is Protestant. James 2 fled to France when he realized he had a little support from England. -
100 Years War
The Second Hundred Years' War is a periodization or historical era term used by some historians to describe the series of military conflicts between Great Britain and France -
Age of the Enlightenment
The Enlightenment-
A period of questioning. People had opinions on the heliocentric and geocentric theory. During the Enlightenment , people thought they could use reason to figure things out. The Enlightenment attitude was a desire for rationality and logic consistency, a rejection of emotionalism, a preference for evidence, not faith, increased interest in science, math, and geometry, and an admiration for Greece and Rome. The Age of Enlightenment was also called the Age of Reason. -
The Age of Reason
The scientific revolution convinced many European thinkers about power a reason. The scientific method and reason led to discoveries about the physical world. People wondered if reasoning could be used to study human nature and society. People viewed reason as the best way to understand the truth. People concluded reason could be used to solve all human problems. This time of optimism and focus on Reason is now called the enlightenment. -
Marie Antoinette
From Austria, she was an Austrian princes. King Louis the 16 married Marie Antoinette at 15 when she was 14. Most French citizens did not like her because she was Austrian, and they were constantly at war with Austria. She appeared vain and wasteful with money. She seemed cold and uncaring towards the French citizens. This might not have been true. She has three children, and one dies but not in early childhood. -
The Industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution transformed economies that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, mechanized manufacturing, and the factory system. New machines, new power sources, and new ways of organizing work made existing industries more productive and efficient. -
Abolition of slavery (Industrial Revolution)
Slavery provided the raw material for industrial change and growth. The growth of the Atlantic economy was an integral part of the growth of exports - for example manufactured cotton cloth was exported to Africa. The Atlantic economy can be seen as the spark for the biggest change in modern economic history. -
The French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period in time where people sought to completely change the relationship between the rulers and those they governed and to redefine the nature of political power. It led to the reign of terror which involved many killings including the death of Frances very own king and queen, Marie Antoinette and Louis 16! -
The Great Fear: Peasant revolt
Rumors that the feudal aristocracy were sending hired brigands to attack peasants and
pillage their land. -
Reign of Terror
The reign of terror was a very dark period in time where many killings were involved. Their method, the guillotine. This took place after the French Revolution. Many many people were killed, including the king and. Queen of France. -
Eli Whitney
In 1794, U.S.-born inventor Eli Whitney (1765-1825) patented the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber. For his work, he is credited as a pioneer of American manufacturing. -
Queen Victoria
Queen Victoria was the queen during the Victorian era. In fact, the Victorian era started because of her influence on society. She is one of the longest living monarchs( Queen Elizabeth 2 surpasses her) She started the trend of wearing white to a wedding and black for a loved ones death. -
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon was born on the island of Corsica. He rose to prominence during the French Revolution, becoming more and more Powerful and influential. In. 1795, he protected government delegates from Royalists rebels with a bunch of cannons. This turned him into a hero of the French Republic and the french people. Earlier military career the Italian campaigns: 1796-1797- he conquered the northern Italy. He died in 5/5/1821. -
John Deere
The steel plow of 1837, developed by John Deere, was an invention that contributed greatly to the agricultural world -
Victorian Era
Victoria served as figurehead for the nation. The period saw the British Empire grow to become the first global industrial power, producing much of the world's coal, iron, steel and textiles. The Victorian era saw revolutionary breakthroughs in the arts and sciences, which shaped the world as we know it today. -
Opium wars
The Opium Wars were two wars waged between the Qing dynasty and Western powers in the mid-19th century. The First Opium War, fought in 1839–1842 between Qing China and the United Kingdom, was triggered by the dynasty's campaign against the British merchants who sold opium in China. -
Samuel morse
Samuel Morse created Morse code and the telegraph. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs. -
Ireland Potato Famine
The Great Famine, also known as the Great Hunger, the Famine or the Irish Potato Famine, was a period of mass starvation and disease in Ireland from 1845 to 1852. Many Died of starvation because the potato was Irelands main crop was potato. Eventually people moved to the u.s and other places because conditions we’re so bad. -
Thomas Edison and his Inventions
Thomas Edison created the phonograph, lightbulb, and moving pictures. This was the beginning of the turn of the century as these things slowly start to improve over time. Moving pictures was a series of pictures created into a moving form. The light bulb was the next alternative to light, other than candles and sunlight. It’s meant to emit light through electricity. The phonograph was used to play music through a needle like stylist to give off vibrations made from indentations on the record. -
Emmeline Pankhurst and Women’s suffrage
1858-1928. Her husband & children were all involved in the suffrage movement.This was a protest for the right of voting for women. They became militant & were arrested and imprisoned. 1917: She and her daughter, Christabel, formed the Women’s Party in 1917: Equal pay for equal work. Equal marriage & divorce
laws. Equality of rights & opportunities in public service. A national system of maternity benefits. -
Edward Jenner and smallpox
The steps taken by Edward Jenner to create vaccination, the first vaccine for smallpox. Jenner did this by inoculating James Phipps with cowpox, a virus similar to smallpox, to create immunity, unlike variolation, which used smallpox to create an immunity to itself. James survived. -
Crystal palace
The Crystal Palace was always meant to be a display of British technological prowess, because it was designed as the main exhibition hall for the Great Exhibition of 1851.By hosting it, Britain would demonstrate its position as the world leader in industrial technology and the mightiest empire on Earth. Later on it burnt down. -
The Shi-Shi
Highly idealistic samurai who felt that the arrival of Westerners was an attack on the traditional values of Japan. They believed that:
Japan was sacred ground. The emperor, now a figurehead in Kyoto, was a God. They Were furious at the Shogun for signing treaties with the West without the Emperor’s consent. -
The Meiji revolt
A powerful group of samurai helped to overthrow the last Shogun. Sakamoto Ryoma was the hero. He helped Japan emerge from feudalism into a unified modern state. -
Alexander Graham Bell and The Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell born in march 3, 1847 created the first ever telephone. Though created with no dial, this invention was operated by switchboard operators. You would either have a specific name or number at which the person you wanted to speak to had, and they would direct your call to the person. He created this invention in march 7, 1876. -
The Berlin conference
European nations were competing aggressively for territory. In 1884–1885, European leaders met in Berlin to discuss regulating European colonization and trade in Africa. It was also an effort to prevent conflict between European nations. Established the "rules" for conquest of Africa. No African leaders were invited. No attention was paid to ethnic boundaries in dividing Africa. The main concern was size and water access. But, did agree to stop slavery & the slave trade in Africa -
Eiffel tower
he Eiffel Tower was made for a big celebration/fair/ art fair or show. It was made for temporary placement in Paris but instead people decided to leave it there. Some did not like it and thought it was completely useless. To make some use out of the Eiffel Tower, people put a radio antenna on the top of the tower. It is still standing to this day. The Eiffel Tower was built from 1887 to 1889 by French engineer Gustave Eiffel. -
Dreyfus affair
The Dreyfus affair was a political scandal that divided the Third French Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. The Dreyfus family, particularly his brother Mathieu, remained convinced of his innocence and worked with journalist Bernard Lazare to prove it. In March 1896, Colonel Georges Picquart, head of counter-espionage, found evidence that the real traitor was Major Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy. -
Sino Japanese War
A war that took place between the shimonoseki and the Japanese. ▪ Japan wins and gains:
▪ Formosa (Taiwan)
▪ Liaotung Peninsula (Manchuria) – soon forced to relinquish it ▪ Sphere of influence in Korea -
Wright Brothers and the First Sucessful plane flight
Near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, Orville and Wilbur Wright make the first successful flight in history of a self-propelled, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903. Orville piloted the gasoline-powered, propeller-driven biplane, which stayed aloft for 12 seconds and covered 120 feet on its inaugural flight. They were said to have originated form Dayton OH. -
Russo Japanese war
The Russo-Japanese War was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1905 over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and the Korean Empire. The main cause of the Russo-Japanese War was the territorial claims both countries made on Manchuria (an area partly in Russia and partly in China) and the Empire of Korea. The Russians wanted at all costs an ice-free port in the region, which would provide access to the Pacific Ocean. -
Bloody Sunday
Bloody Sunday or Red Sunday was the series of events on Sunday, 22 January 1905 in St Petersburg, Russia, when unarmed demonstrators, led by Father Georgy Gapon. -
Treaty of Portsmouth
The Treaty of Portsmouth is a treaty that formally ended the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War. It was signed on September 5, 1905, after negotiations from August 6 to August 30, at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in what is now Kittery, Maine, United States. -
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Ruled the throne of Austria Hungary with h8s wife Sophia. Him and
his wife were shot dead in their car. They had stopped right in front
of their assassin without knowing it. This was meant to free the rule
of Austria Hungary. -
Germany Attacks Belgium
When Germany moved to invade France through Belgium, they violated the Belgium neutrality pact that had been in place long before the war started. This breaking of Belgium’s neutrality is a major reason why England joined the Allies. -
Armenian Genocide
The genocide began on April 24, 1915 when the Turkish government arrested and executed several hundred Armenian intellectuals.
After that, ordinary Armenians were turned out of their homes and sent on death marches through the Mesopotamian desert without food or water. Frequently, the marchers were stripped naked and forced to walk under the scorching sun until they dropped dead. People who stopped to rest were shot. -
The Somme
was a battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British Empire and French Third Republic against the German Empire. It took place between 1 July and 18 November 1916 on both sides of the upper reaches of the Somme, a river in France. 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. -
Czar Nicholas Abdicates
Shortly after Rasputin’s death, Czar Nicholas II abdicated the throne (March 7, 1917.) Shortly after that, the entire Imperial family and several servants, a friend, and a doctor were taken hostage by the Bolsheviks. They were moved from town to town over the course of the next year to avoid being rescued by the White army supporters of the Czar. -
The Civil War
The opponents of the ‘Reds’, Lenin and the Communists, were known as the ‘Whites’. The Whites were a mixture of aristocrats, royalists, churchmen, army officers and many others. The Whites were supported by Britain, France, Japan and the USA, countries that were alarmed at the possible spread of communism. At the same time, Lenin fought a war against Poland, a new country formed by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. -
Death of Czar and Royal Family
On July 17, 1918, Nicholas II and his wife and the five children were tricked into going into the cellar of the house. Then the Bolsheviks lined up a firing squad and fired continually and brutally at them until they were dead, apparently using their bayonets on some of them who didn’t die quickly enough. Then they looted the bodies for hidden diamonds and jewels in the women’s clothes. The bodies were doused with sulfuric acid and buried in a shallow grave in a forest outside the city. -
The Kronstadt Revolt
Sailors at the Kronstadt naval base near Petrograd revolted. They accused Lenin of breaking his promise to help the workers. Lenin ordered the Red Army to put down the revolt. This caused 20,000 casualties and the leaders of the revolt were executed. However, the mutiny was a warning to Lenin that he might have to relax War Communism.