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Gunpowder Plot
Guy Fawkes and a few other friends of his came together to make up a plan. They were Catholics and didn’t feel like the King was treating them fairly. They decided to blow up the House of Parliament when the king was inside. They put 32 barrels of gunpowder in the cellars underneath the Parliament building hoping to blow it up. The plan failed though, and Guy was hung for his crime. -
Galileo discovers Jupiter’s moons
Using a telescope, Galileo pointed it toward Jupiter and saw 4 moons. He named the moons “the Medicean Planets”. When talking about the separate moons, he named each on 1, 2, 3 and 4. -
The English Civil War
Charles 1 didn’t believe in Parliament and only used them to ask for money. Parliament grew angry and made him sign the Petition of Rights which would limit his power. Charles 1 ignored the rules and didn’t contact Parliament for 11 years. Conflict between supporters of Parliament and the king grew so bad a war broke out between the Cavaliers and Roundheads. The Roundheads won (Parliament’s side) and King Charles 1 was the first king to be publicly beheaded. -
Thomas Hobbes writes and publishes Leviathan
Hobbes named this book Leviathan which comes from the biblical Leviathan. The word Leviathan means “sea monster” In this book, he argued that the absolute power of the sovereign was ultimately justified by the consent of the governed, who agreed, in a hypothetical social contract, to obey the sovereign in all matters in exchange for a guarantee of peace and security. -
The Restoration
Cromwell had tried to take over as ruler of England, but the people were ready to go back to having a king. They brought back Charles 2 (Charles’s 1 son) to be king. Charles 2 brought back entertainment—something Cromwell had taken away—and was nicknamed “The Merry Monarch” -
The Glorious Revolution
James 2 was an openly Catholic King. Parliament didn’t like that and didn’t want his son to become king after him, so they went in search for a new king and queen. They found William and Mary to replace him. Mary was British and a relative of James 2. William and Mary become the new king and queen, and James 2 eventually flees to France when he realizes he has little support from England. -
Joseph 2 as emperor
Joseph II of Austria became emperor in 1764. He was one of the most progressive emperors of his time. He got rid of executions and torture. He offered the poor food, and forced the nobility to pay them for their work. Joseph II even tolerated the Protestants and Jews in his nation. -
Invention of the “Spinning Jenny”
John Hargreaves was the man who created the “Spinning Jenny.” This device was a spinning wheel that helped weave cotton into thread much quicker and efficiently. A fun fact is that it is said that John named the invention after his daughter Jenny. The fact might not be true though… -
Convicts sent to Australia
Convicts (prisoners) were sent to Australia and most never returned back to their families. 11 British fleets set out in 1787 with 700 convicts. By the mid 1800s, many people willing went to Australia to find gold, copper, and cheap land. -
Estates General meeting
King Louis called a Estates General meeting to try to make everything fair for all three estates. (He wanted to vote on whether or no to make the 2nd estates pay a temporary tax) Things got out of hand, and the 3rd estate got kicked out. They went to a Tennis Court and stayed there until the king agreed to make a written constitution. -
Attack on Bastille
There were rumors that the military forces were going to attack the National Assembly (peasants or third estate) so the people decided to storm Bastille, which was a prison. They stormed and attacked it because it had gunpowder for their guns so they could attack the military when they came. 18 died, 73 were wounded, and 7 guards were killed. It is said this was the start of the French Revolution -
March of Women
Paris women are upset about the price of bread. They decided to march to Versailles where the king is. They march all the way there and force the king and his family back to Paris. King loses most of his power and becomes somewhat of a prison in his palace. He’s now just a figurehead for France and never returns to Versailles. -
Charlotte Corday’s death
Charolette Corday was the woman who stabbed Jean Paul Maret while he was in his bathtub. She did this because the Jacobins and Girondists didn’t like each other and she wanted to put somewhat of an end to it. She was arrested and sent to the guillotine. Jean Paul became a martyr of the Revolution for the Jacobins. -
Invention of the Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney is the creator of the Cotton Gin. This device helped separate the seeds from cotton quicker and more efficiently. The creation of this device did make slavery more effective and slaves were more valuable. If Eli hadn’t invented the Cotton Gin, slavery might have gone away on its own. -
End of the Reign of Terror
People were growing tired of all the executions and living in fear of being arrested. They blamed Maximilian Robespierre for all the deaths of thousands of people. He was sent to the guillotine soon after. This is said to be the end of the Reign of Terror. -
Olaudah Equiano death
Olaudah was born in 1745 and captured at the age of 11 and put on a slave ship. In England, he was taught to read, write, and trade from his slave owners and was later able to buy his freedom. He became an abolitionist and even wrote an auto-biography on his life! It was the first book to be published in England by an African. -
Napoleon crowns himself emperor
Napoleon claimed he didn’t want to be king and named himself “First Consul” in 1799. In 1802 though, Napoleon named himself “Consul for life” Finally, in 1804, Napoleon crowned himself emperor. It is said he even took the crown and placed it on his head, showing he thought he had more power than the church. -
Napoleon’s first exile
Napoleon fights in the Battle of Leipzig against the 6th coalition. France loses and Napoleon has to step down from being emperor. He is then sent to the island of Elba. The French royalist stake control and put King Louis the 18th on the throne. -
Battle of Waterloo
The 7th Coalition fights Napoleon, and Napoleon is defeated. His defeat is the end of the 100 days and is Napoleon’s last defeat. Napoleon is put into his second exile. He is then sent to the island of St. Helena. -
The “Iron Horse” Race of 1830
The Iron Horse Race happened because people were arguing about what could go faster—a horse or a train. So they decided to put it to the test and have a race. The horse won because of technical difficulties with the train, but the trains till held potential. The story of this event might not be true… -
Signing of the Reform Bill of 1832
This bill helped broaden the number of people who could vote. At that time, only men who owned land could vote. This bill helped other men like 2nd class men be able to vote. Some men still couldn’t vote though, and this led to some problems. -
1833 Abolition of Slavery Act
After much hard work, William Wilberforce was successful in ending not only the slave trade but slavery all together. In 1807, the abolition of Slave trade was passed saying that no one could buy or sell slaves anymore. Then the 1833 abolition of Slavery Act was passed. 3 days later, William Wilberforce died. -
Invention of the Steel Plow
John Deere is a very well known man. He is most famous for inventing the Steel Plow. This device was used to speed up the process of plowing the fields. Farmers would attach their cow, horse, or oxen to the plow and then help guide/stir the animal along to plow their fields. -
Victoria becomes queen
Victoria became queen when she was only 18, and she ruled for 63 years. She was a very popular queen who was very educated. She married Prince Albert when she was 20, and mourned his death for 40 years after he died. -
Dr. Livingstone becomes a missionary
Dr. David Livingstone was from Scotland. He went to Africa to help people with religious and medical work. He also wanted to find the source of the nile river. He wasn’t able to find the exact source, but he did find Victoria falls. -
Queen Victoria goes to the Crystal Palace
In 1851, the Crystal Palace Exhibition went on. The purpose of this exhibition was to show off all the inventions and innovation coming from the British Empire. Queen Victoria visited the Palace 3 times! -
London Necropolis Cemetery opens
This cemetery was made because the cemetery in London was getting super crowded. It’s name (necropolis) means death city or city of the dead. Sadly though, not many people actually used the cemetery, and it was closed after WW2. -
Sepoy Mutiny
Indian soldiers (sepoys) had to bite off rifle cartridges with their teeth. A rumor spread that there was pig and cow fat in the tips and that went against the Muslim and Hindu religion so they rebelled. The sepoys refused to open up the cartridges and this led to some bloody fights. Great Britain had to take over the East Indian Company. -
King Leopold becomes king
King Leopold was a Belgian King became king at the end of 1865. He wanted to make to make Belgium his own territory and claim it as his own. He set out to find his personal fortune and made many people become his slaves to do all the work. Many were overworked and become sick and died. A cry for help helped the Belgium government take over later in 1908. -
The phone
Alexander Graham Bell invented the phone. He used electricity to transmit sound over distance. The first phones had to be run by phone operators who would connect your phone line to the person you wanted to talk to. -
Lightbulb
Thomas Edison is the man who invented the lightbulb. He also invented moving pictures and the phonograph. He made the lightbulb so that people could have a higher quality and longer lasting light to use when it was dark. -
The Berlin Conference
This conference was very aggressive. Many European leaders got together in Berlin to try and prevent conflict and war from happening during this “competition” and they made rules on how to claim war. No African leaders were invited though. The leaders of Europe had no concern for ethnic boundaries as well. They only considered size and waterways and they also agreed to end slave trade! -
The Boer War
The Boers were Dutch settlers who lived in Africa. When gold was discovered in the area they lived in, the British wanted to take over. The Boers refused their grants though and war broke out. The Boers were outnumbered and the British took over the land. -
First flight
Wilber and Orville Wright were the first to fly their flying machine for 59 seconds at Kitty Hawk, NC. The brothers wondered how a pilot might balance an aircraft in the air, just as a cyclist balances his bicycle on the road. Their attempt led to the beginning or modern airplanes. -
Bloody Sunday
On this day, thousands of innocent people were killed. There was a march to the winter palace to present a letter to the Czar, but when the people got there, soldiers began to shoot at them. All the people had wanted to do was show the Czar some of their concerns and have him sign the petition paper. The guards shouldn’t have seen them as a threat. -
October Manifesto
Czar Nicholas wrote this document to give freedoms to the people and more power to the Duma. Later on after the document was signed though, the Czar didn’t really pay much attention the the Duma. He started to become a weak ruler who wanted all the power to himself. -
The Model T
Henry Ford wanted to make a car that everyone could afford, so he invented the Model T. It was a slow and ugly car that only came in black, but it was very practical to use. By 1929, Ford was making more than one car a minute! -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
This event was the thing that started the entire World War 1. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was shot by Gabrielle Princip. He was heir to the Austria-Hungary throne. Since the Asian was Serbian, Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia and wanted to fight them. Serbia had allies like Russia who had allies with Germany and so on till the point that so many allies were pulled in and a massive Great War began. -
The Armenian Genocide
This genocide was between “The young Turks” and Armenia. The Turks began murdering the Armenian people and they died gruesome deaths. Over 2 million Armenians were said to be killed. To this day, the Turkish government denies that the genocide ever happened. -
The sinking of the Lusitania
This passenger boat was sunk by German U-boats and have over 1,00 people on it. The Germans said they sunk the ship because it could’ve had military stuff on it. Years later, it was found out that it actually did. This event lead to America joining WW1. -
Rasputin’s death
Rasputin was a man who helped Alexi Romanov with his hemophilia issue. Though some people thought he was doing, others believed he was doing evil and should be killed. Rasputin predicted his death and the death of the Royal Czar family—Nicholas, Alexandra, and their 5 children. Before the end of the year, Rasputin was poisoned, shot at least 3 times, and thrown into the river to drown. An autopsy stated that his official cause of death was hypothermia. -
The Czar Family is Murdered
Only a few months after Nicholas 2 stepped down from the throne, he and his family were taken hostage by the Bolsheviks. They then traveled all around Russia until they were finally housed at the Ipatiev house AKA the house of special purpose. Late one night, they were tricked to go into the cellar to escape and catch a ride. They were then shot by shot and murdered by the Bolsheviks. -
World War 1 Ends!
The Germans were struggling to have enough men to fight and enough resources to survive on and fight with. They called for an armistice/ ceasefire. The war then ended at 11am. The Allied side won! -
The Kronstadt Revolt
This event started when sailors at Kronstadt Navel Base revolted against Lenin and his men because of his harsh working system. Lenin sent men to stop the revolt, and many people died. After the event, Lenin realized that what he was doing might be wrong and bad and he should stop. -
Lenin’s death
Lenin died in 1924. Many people went to his funeral and lined up to see his body. He body was embalmed and kept in a room somewhere in a museum. After his death, people wondered who would be the next leader. Two men—Trotsky and Stalin—fought over who would be ruler of Russia. Stalin won and did some evil stuff while in power. -
Women’s suffrage movement
Emmeline Pankhurst and her family wanted to have women’s rights and equality. In 1918, the representation of the People act was passed so women over 30 could vote. 10 years later in 1928, the Reform act of 1928 was passed so women over 21 could vote