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The initial entry of Islam into South Asia came in the first century after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. The Umayyad caliph in Damascus sent an expedition to Baluchistan and Sindh in 711 led by Muhammad bin Qasim. He captured Sindh and Multan.
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Baghdad became a center of science, culture, philosophy, and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam.
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The conflict between the brothers al-Amin and al-Mamun over the succession to the throne of the Abbasid Caliphate.
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Baghdad is captured by Persian Buyids and the caliphs become puppet rulers
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Mahmud began a series of seventeen raids into northwestern India
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Tughril captured Baghdad from the Shia Buyids under a commission from the Abbasid Caliph
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During the First Crusade, Christian knights from Europe capture Jerusalem after seven weeks of siege and begin massacring the city's Muslim and Jewish.
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The Delhi Sultanate are five short-lived Muslim kingdoms of Turkic and Pashtun (Afghan) origin that ruled the territory of Delhi between 1206 and 1526 CE.
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The Mongols were under the command of Hulagu Khan, brother of the khagan Möngke Khan, who had intended to further extend his rule into Mesopotamia but not to directly overthrow the Caliphate.
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The expansion of trade among West Asia, India and Southeast Asia helped the spread of the religion as Muslim traders brought Islam to the region.
