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President Madison Takes Office
*There was lots of tension between Britain and America
*During his term; America was caught in war with many Native Americans and Britain
*He was a quiet scholarly man
*He was the 3rd President of the US
*Many Americans thought his approach was too timid -
Period: to
War of 1812
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War Hawks Take Power
*First to call war with Britain
*They had a large sense of Nationalism
*They saw advantages in a war with Britain
*They were willing to fight a war to defend American rights
*Henry Clay was the most outspoken War Hawk -
Relations with Great Britain
*America was in war with the Native Americans
*Britain supplied guns and ammunition to the Native Americans
*They encouraged them to attack rhe United State settlements
*The U.S. stopped trading with Britain, and kept trading with the French
*This lead into war -
Congress Declares War on Britain
*Britain blockaded American-French trade
*War Hawks urged Congress for War
*The House voted 79 to 49, and Senate 19 to 13 in favor of war
*Grundy a War Hawk, seeked a goal of earning land
*Americans were afraid Britain would attack New England seaports -
America is not Ready for War
*The British were surprised of the delaration of the war
*Because Jefferson cut the militia, the US was unprepared
*The Navy only owned 16 ships
*Many officers knew little of military
*The government relied on volunteers -
Britain Blockades American Ports
*Britatin blockaded America from trading with other nations
*America had a small navy
*Americans won many stunning victories
*One of the American sea captains was Isaac Hull
*One of the battles was Americas Constitution vs. British Guerriere -
Invasion of Canada
*British troops marched into Canada from Detroit
*British leader was Isaac Brock
*He gave American captains a letter with fake informatiom
*Hull and his crew fell for the trap and retreated
*The British won the battle -
USS Constitution Scores a Victory
*American ship was the Constitution
*British ship was Guerriere
*American captain was Isaac Hull
*The guns of the Constitution struck the British flag and mast
*The Americans won the battle -
Battle of Lake Erie
*America Captain was Oliver Hazzard
*The British battered his ship and left it helpless
*Perry took down the flag and moved to another American ship
*The Americans won the battle
*The British lost control of Lake Erie -
Battle of Thames
*The Americans defeated the British here
*Tecumseh had died
*Without Tecumseh, the Indian confederation soon fell apart
*General WIlliam Henry Harrison pursued the British and Tecumseh
*Tecumseh died while retreating to Canada -
Horseshoe Bend
*A Tenessee officer was commander of American troops
*A battle between the Indian confederation and America
*The Americans allied with the Cherokees
*America won the battle
*Once again, the Native Americans had to give up land to whites -
Washington, D.C. Attacked and Burned
*The British landed in Chesapeake Bay
*They fought off American forces easily
*The British burned the White House and other buildings
*Dolley Madison took important papers and a portrait of Washington and feld south
*They then marched on to Baltimore -
Attack on Baltimore
*British were on the move to Baltimore
*Baltimore's defense was Fort McHenry
*The fight lasted overnight
*The British bombarded the Fort with rockets
*America comes out on the winning side -
Writing of the Star-Spangled Banner
*America had won the battle of Baltimore
*After the battle the 'broad stripes and bright stars' sill waved
*Francis Scott Key witnessed the battle
*He wrote the poem of 'The Star-Spangled Banner'
*It soon was set to music and became the National Anthem -
Hartford Convention
*Many delelgates from New England held a meeting
*The British blocked New England sea ports
*Many delegates were federalists
*They disliked the President, and the war
*Delegates had threatened to leave the convention if the war continued -
Treaty of Ghent
*Britain and the US agreed to restore pre-war conditions
*John Adams signed the treaty in Belgium
*He said "nothing was settled, nothing was adjusted"
*Many people felt that the War of 1812 had been a mistake
*Others thought that Europe would give the US more respect -
Battle of New Orleans
*Britain attacked New Orleans
*They hoped to sail up the Mississippi
*Andrew JAckson led thousand of people to fight the British
*The soldiers dug trenches to defend themselves
*More than 2,00 British soldies died in the American victory
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