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Period: Jan 1, 1299 to
The Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire began in North Western Anatolia and defeated the Byzantine empire and took contol of Constantinople, an important trading center located between the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea. It was able to spread due to the shrewdness of its founder, Osman, control of Gallipoli, and an army that took advantage of traditional and new military skills. The Ottoman had rivalries with the Christian Europeans which made the Europeans want to find a faster route to India for trade. -
Jan 1, 1340
Songhai Empire (Picture)
Source for picture: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SONGHAI_empire_map.PNG -
Period: Jan 1, 1340 to
Songhai Empire
Located in West Africa, the Songhai Empire drew wealth from the trans-Saharan trade and was ruled by Muslims. They tried to fight the Morrocans in the northwest, but half of their army perished on their expedition so they were no match for Morroco's army. This led to the fall of their empire. -
Jan 1, 1394
Prince Henry the Navigator (Picture)
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Period: Jan 1, 1394 to Jan 1, 1460
Prince Henry the Navigator
Prince Henry had mixed motives for exploration: converting Africans to Christianity, launching joint crusades against the Ottomans, and making contact iwth existing Christian rulers in Africa. He wished to discover new places with profitable contacts and his first explorations focused on Africa then later on India. Prince Henry founded a research institute for studying navigation and collecting information about lands past Muslim North Africa. -
Jan 1, 1441
Beginning of Portuguese Slave Trade
The boom of sugar production helped increase slave trade. African slaves were sold to plantation colonies after the six to ten week ocean voyage from Africa. Diseases such as Small Pox and Malaria spread quickly among these cramped quarters. -
Jan 1, 1451
Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror (Picture)
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Period: Jan 1, 1451 to Jan 1, 1481
Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror
In 1453, he laid siege to Constantinople. He uses humongous cannons to destroy the city's walls and dragged his warships up a hill to avoid Constantinople's sea defenses. His effect was the fall of Constantinople as well as the Byzantine empire. -
Period: Jan 1, 1464 to Jan 1, 1492
Reign of Sunni Ali
Sunni Ali was a military ruler and the first ruler of the Songhai Empire located in Western Africa who helped the empire grow larger by conquering several cities. He combined African traditions with the Islamic religion and it angered Muslim clerics in the kingdom. -
Dec 2, 1464
Reign of Sunni Ali (Picture)
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Period: Nov 10, 1483 to Feb 18, 1546
Martin Luther
Martin Luther objected to the new preaching of indulgence in the Catholic Church. He argued that salvation came from religious faith and began the Protestant Reformation. Luther gained a following from the Germans due to his nationalist portrayal. This also founded the Christian Lutheran religion. -
Nov 5, 1488
Dias' Voyage into Indian Ocean
Bartolomeu Dias was the first Portuguese explorer to round the southern tip of Africa and reach the Indian Ocean. This caused Christopher Columbus to have trouble finding a sponsor for his own exploration. -
Jan 1, 1492
Columbian Exchange
The exchange began when Columbus arrived in the New World. Items exchanged included livestock, people, disease, and crops. The effect the exchange had on the Native American people were drastic. The new diseases brought from Europe spread easily through their population and the influx of new crops altered the American enviornment.
http://raymondpronk.wordpress.com/2012/06/12/american-history-the-biologicalcolumbian-exchange-videos/ -
Aug 3, 1492
Columbus's First Voyage
Wanting to find a faster route to India, Christopher Columbus gained sponsorship from Portugal's King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. He took three ships (the Santa Maria, the Santa Clara, and the Pinta) and sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to discover the Caribbean islands and North America. Believing it was India, he called the natives Indians. Amerigo Vespucci is the namesake of the Americas. -
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Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
Russian Empire
The princes of Muscovy led a movement against the Golden Horde and conquered several territories and became the largest state in Europe including large territoreis on the Asian side of the Ural Mountains. In the 1600s Russia was landlocked and did not trade often due to competition with the Safavids and the Ottomans. The empire fell due to a revolution and several rebellions; the people of Russia did not want a monarchy. These rebellions caused Russia to become a provisional government. -
Jan 1, 1502
Moctezuma (Picture)
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Jan 1, 1502
Safavid Empire (Picture)
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Period: Jan 1, 1502 to Jun 1, 1520
Moctezuma
Moctezuma II believed Cortes to be a god and welcomed him into the Aztec Civilization. The conquistadors captured Moctezuma and looted his treasure for gold. They battled the Aztecs for the city and at first the Aztecs overpowered the Spainards, but not for long due to the spread of smallpox. Moctezuma was killed in battle and the Spainards gained control of Tenochtitlan in 1521. -
Period: Jan 1, 1502 to
Safavid Empire
The Safavid Empire located in Iran was like the Ottoman Empire except it did not spread. Effect: It spread Shi'ite Islam throughout Iran and created a bureaucracy. -
Jul 10, 1509
John Calvin (Picture)
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Period: Jul 10, 1509 to May 27, 1564
John Calvin
A highly influential Protestant leader, Calvin wrote "The Institutes of the Christian Religion". He believed that human faith did not marit salvation, rather salvation was a gift from God to those He "predestined." He followers lived a very simple life in simple clothing. Their congregations elected thier own governing commmitees which created councils who regulated doctrinal issues. -
Jan 1, 1519
Spanish Conquest of Mexico
The Spanish came to Mexico primarily looking for gold and new land. When they reached the Aztec empire they were believed as gods, but they used that to capture Moctezuma. They allied with other tribes and used thier advanced weaponry and disease to fight and conquer the Aztecs and surrounding lands.
http://traveldk.com/mexico-city/dk/spanish-conquest -
Jan 1, 1520
Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (Picture)
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Period: Jan 1, 1520 to Jan 1, 1566
Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent
He was known to his subjects as "the Lawgiver" and he commanded the greatest known Ottoman attack on Christian Europe. He conquered Belgrade in 1521 and continued to lay sige to Vienna in 1529. They had to retreat before taking over Vienna due to the arrival of Winter. Historians believe that Suleiman led a golden age where the imperial system worked perfectly. -
Jan 1, 1526
Mughal Dynasty (Picture)
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Period: Jan 1, 1526 to
Mughal Dynasty
The first ruler, Babur, was of Turkish descent and married a descendant of Genghis Khan. The empire got its name from the Persian word for Mongol, "Mughal". The Mughal empire was located in most of India and was ruled by Mongols. The empire was attacked by the Marathas, Sikhs, Hindu Rajputs, Muslim Afghans, and Nadir Shah, who attacked Dalhi and weakened the empire. -
Jan 1, 1545
Council of Trent (Picture)
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Period: Jan 1, 1545 to Jan 1, 1563
Council of Trent
Located in northern Italy, The Council of Trent spent three sessions seperating Catholic doctrines from Protestant "errors", reaffirming the supremacy of the pope, calling for several reforms including the one where bishops had to become educated. This brought about the Catholic Reformation. -
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Period: Jan 1, 1556 to
Reign of Akbar
Akbar strived for social harmony from the point when he succeeded the throne at the age of thirteen. At the age of twenty, he took full control and married a Hindu Rajput princess. He combined the Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Christian, and Hindu beliefs together and made a new "Divine Faith." Akbar also helped the empire spread farther. -
Period: Feb 15, 1564 to
Galileo Galilei
Galileo had a major impact on modern science. His methods supported the scientific revolution, the idea of heliocentrism, and Copernicus. He was imprisoned due to his beliefs. -
Feb 15, 1568
Galileo Galilei (Picture)
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Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Japanese decided to establish a more centralized government after the civil wars. The Tokugawa Shogunate was a new military government ruled by Tokugawa Ieyasu. Rice was a popular trade item and they had good roads and maritime transportation. In the time of peace, Samurai began to become better educated and interested in purchasing several goods from merchants such as sake, porcelain, books, etc. The governement then interceded and tried to stop the independence of merchants, but failed. -
Thirty Years War
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Thirty Years War
The Thrity Years War caused long-lasting depopulation and economic decline in the Holy Roman Empire. However, it improved the skill of European armed forces and weaponry which made them the most powerful people in the world. -
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Period: to
John Locke
John Locke argued in 1690 that people had a right to rebel against the government if they did not protect life, liberty, and property. He believed in the importance of individual right and had an influential role in the American and French revolutions. -
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Period: to
Manchus Empire/ The Qing Dynasty
Cause: The Qing took over the weakend Ming Empire. The growing civil disobedience and rising power of the Manchu. The Qing called on the powerful Manchu troops to help conquer Beijing, but when the Manchu did, they wanted to keep China to themselves. Effect: They gained control of southern China and incorporated Taiwan as well as parts of Central Asia and Mongolia. The Manchu's led the governement and military, but they were only a small portion of the population. -
Peter the Great (Picture)
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Period: to
Peter the Great
Peter the Great helped increase Russia's size and power and reduce the isolation of the empire. He studied the Europeans to see why they were becoming a great world power and brought it back to Russia. He built St. Petersburg which became Russia's capital and imitated French architecture. Effects: He brought the Russian Orthodox Church under state control, increased taxes, forced labor on serfs, built factories, and built iron and copper foundries. He Europeanized Russia. -
England's Glorious Revolution (Picture)
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Period: to
England's Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution happened because of the different religious beliefs of the King and Parliament. The King of England was a Catholic Christian and the Parliament were Protestant Christian. The Parliament were fearful of the King and asked the daughter's husband to take over the thrown and he overthrew the king. In order to rule they had to sign the Bill of Rights which changed the government from a monarchy to a constitutional monarchy.
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