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The Romans established a Republican government after they overthrew the last Etruscan king. With this form of government, senators were elected to make the important political decisions for Rome. No Roman ruler ever called himself king again, even after the fall of the Republic.
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It lasted for one hundred and forty years. During this time the Roman plebeians struggled to get more representation politically in the Roman Republic.
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After the Celts sacked Rome, they were the first ones to conquer and adopt themselves into the Roman Republic and culture.
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Octavian began transforming the Roman Republic into an empire after he defeated the forces of Mark Antony in 31 BCE. The Republic was permanently deconstructed by 14 CE and replaced with an empire.
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This time was the height of the Roman Empire. At this time Rome was rich, powerful, and glorious.
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These three Roman dynasties were the Julian dynasty, Flavian dynasty, and the "dynasty" of the "Five Good Emperors". This is the time when Rome experienced several good and bad emperors. Many political conflicts began during this time in Rome which eventually contribute to it's downfall.
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Emperor Theodosius I declared Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. Christianity was seen as a threat by many Romans and declaring it the official religion lead to a greater division in the empire.
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The Goths sacked Rome under the command of kind Alaric. This was the first time in almost 700 years in which Rome was breached by non-Romans (the first time, since it was sacked by the Celts in 387 BCE).
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The fall of the Roman Empire is one of the most iconic events in the history of western civilization. It was due to a variety of different reasons which people are not quite certain of. However, some of these events might include the political corruption of Rome, the different religions dividing the empire, or the overall instability due to the selfish nature of the empire.
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At this time, Italy and the city of Rome were completely removed from the still "Roman" empire. The western empire was gone and it was replaced by Germanic kingdoms that were populated by the former citizens of the Roman Empire. This was the official end of the empire of Rome.
