Timeline of Islam By elimbroc 1055 Baghdad conquered by the Turks 1071 Turks defeat Byzantines at Battle of Manzikert 1187 Saladin retakes Jerusalem 1221 Genghis Khan enters Persia 1299 Start of the Ottoman Empire 1325 Ibn Battuta begins travels 1453 Two Halves of Ottoman Empire united 1492 Muslims exiled from Spain 1556 Mughal Dynasty begins in India 1566 Ottoman Empire reaches peak