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Sep 25, 1555
The Peace of Augsburg
Source:It legalized Catholicism and Lutheranism in Germany. People were able to follow other religions now. -
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Christian IV of Denmark
Source: Denmark's most renowned king. He led his country through a period of political and cultural ascendancy, but also mired it in a costly war against Sweden and the devastating Thirty Years' War in Germany. -
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Louis XIII
Source: Louis XIII was king of France from 1610 to 1643. Under his reign, France became a leading European power. -
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King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Source: Gustavus Adolphus lead Sweden during her glory years in the Thirty Years War. However, Gustavus was also responsible for many domestic reforms which pushed Sweden from being just another Baltic state to being the most dominant power in the region. -
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Ferdinad of Styria as king of Bohemia
Source:In 1617, the Bohemian Diet elected Ferdinand of Styria as king of Bohemia. Ferdinand, a member of the Habsburg family, became Holy Roman emperor two years later, as Ferdinand II. He was a devout Catholic and his persecution of Protestants led to the Bohemian Revolt. -
Defenestration of Prague
SourceThe beginning of the revolt of protestants against catholics. The Defenestration of Prague is a custom, by which people threw officials out of the windows. -
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The Bohemian Period
SourceA revolt started by the nobles in Bohemia is the beginnnig of that period. The emperor was sick, thus, he wanted to negotiate a way our of the rebellion. Ferdinand of Styria, however, made sure thata there will be no negotiations and killed Khesl. The imperial army advanced into Bohemia, but got pushed back. -
Battle of White Mountain
Source Field Marshall Johann Tserclaes enters Prague with a small army, and defeats the times bigger rebellion one. The battle continued for about on hour with over 4000 casualties for the rebellions and under 800 for the imperial army. Tserclaes makes sure that all the rebellelions are put on a trial, and gives two options to the Bohemian population. Either covert ot Catholicism, or leave the country. -
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Philip IV of Spain
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Philip IV of Spain
Source: The king of Spain and Portugal during the decline of Spain as a great world power in the 1600s. -
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Maximilian I of Bavaria
Source: A champion of the Roman Catholic side during the Thirty Years’ War. -
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Cardinal Richelieu
Source:Source: One of the greatest politicians in French history. He attacked the Huguenots; reformed the navy and army; crushed any rebellions and advanced royalabsolutism; he raised money by any methods required and he supervised a foreign policy that was designed to make France the greatest power in Europe. -
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The Danish Period
Source The Danish King Christian I attacked firstly North+West Germany, and then continued to the south, however, he had little success. His allies, France and England, did not hold their promises and he recevied very little help from them. In the end, while fighting the Catholics, he lost the battle. Everything was decided with the Luebeck threaty. -
Treaty of Luebeck
SourceThe Danish king had to withdraw with the war with the signing of this treaty. He was allowed to keep some of the important for him provinces and citities, however, he had to give up hisclaims on the north German bishoprics, as well as, his leadership on the Lower Saxon Circle. -
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The Sweidsh Period
SourceKing Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden decides to join the war in his ambiotions to gain territories. With him being protestant, he joins France and Cardinal D'Richelieu. The Swedish king watned to fully secure his control over the Baltics. He dies during the battle of Luetzen. After that loss, the Swedish soldiers become desiorented and this is the turining point in the war. They start making many errors, which lead to the death of all of them with their new leader Wallenstein. -
Battle of Luetzen
One of the greatest battles fought between prostestants and catholics. Ended with a defeat for the catholics, and a huge lost for the prostetants. Swedish King Gustav II Adolf died, and this affected the protestants by matters that they became weaker and disoriented in their goals. -
The Treaty of Prague
Source: A peace treaty which ended the civil wars associated with the 30 years war. -
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The French Period
SourceFrance finally joins the war. It declares war of Spain and the Holy Roman empire. After that they defeat Spain and destroy the help that was supposed to be send to Germany. Bavaria falls under the occupation of France, and the catholics are defeated for now. Cardinal D'Richoleo dies. -
The Peace of Westphalia
Source: A peace treaty from 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years’ War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years’ War. -
Treaty of the Pyrenees
Source Peace treaty between Louis XIV of France and Philip IV of Spain that ended the Franco-Spanish War of 1648–59.
