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The Battle of Panipat, marks the beginning of the Mughal Empire. The forces of Babur, defeats the Lodi Empire of Northern India.
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Due to instability within the empire, Babur's death in 1530 leads to difficulties with his son Humayun's succession. Some of the nobles instead try to install Humayun's uncle, Mahdi Khwaja, and, though they are defeated, it signals Humayun's weakness.
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Due to instability within the empire, Babur's death in 1530 leads to difficulties with his son Humayun's succession. Humayun gains the throne in 1531.
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Sher Shah Suri, the leader of the rival Sur dynasty, drives Humayun out of India and seizes power in 1540. Humayun takes refuge with the Safavid rulers in Persia, which serves to create a strong bond with the two dynasties.
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Humayun takes advantage of the deaths of both Sher Shah Suri and his son and successor, Islam Shah, to march an army provided by his Persian allies back to India. He puts the army under the leadership of Bairam Khan, who proves himself a much more skilled tactician. He retakes Delhi for Humayun and restores the Mughals to power.
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Under the guidance of his mother and other supporters, Akbar strips Bairam Khan of the regency,and now Akbar is in full control of the empire. He develops a trade with Europe, a strong system of administration, and growing the economy. He is also able to acquire guns from Europe, which gave his army a huge advantage
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He leads a revolt against his father in 1599 while his father is in a foreign military campaign. he is defeated, but he still has support from the women in Akbar's harem, also from Akbar's mother, to retain his role as successor.
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Jahangir succeeds as emperor, thanks to the immense support of the harem women. hie oldest son, Khusrau Mirza, unsuccessfully rebels against him, so he kills all his son's supporters and blinds his son. Jahangir becomes addicted to opium and alcohol, so neglects his role as ruler, allowing him to be manipulated by other factions.
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He dies on his way back from a visit to Kashmir and is succeeded by his third son, Shah Jahan
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Shah Jahan begins construction on the Taj Mahal in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
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Due to his fathers and illness liberal politics, his younger brother, Aurangzeb, allies with conservative Islamic factions to oppose him.
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Succeeded in 1707 and tries to undo the disastrous policies of his father did, Aurangzeb.
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Bahadur Shah Zafar, the final Mughal ruler, leads a revolt against the British East India Company. The revolt is defeated and the Mughals deposed by the East India Company, and ends the Mughal Empire.
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By 1858 the British East India Company becomes the protector of the Mughal Empire, using it to solidify their claim on trade with India.
