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End of the Western Roman Empire, and mass migration
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Germanic kingdomsand high point of the Byzantine Empire. Birth and spread of Islam. Carolingian Empire.
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The king of the Franks, Clovis, defeated the Visigoths at Vouillé.
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The first caliphs were members of Muhammad's family. There was great territorial expansion.
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After a civil war, the position of caliph passed to the Umayyad dynasty, who governed from their capital in Damascus.
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The mayor of the palace, Charles Martel,defeated the Muslims at Poitier and stopped their expansion in Europe.
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After another civil war, the position of caliph passed to the Abbasid dysnaty, who moved the capital of Baghdad.
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Pippin the Younger became King of the Franks
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Charlemange was crowned emperor.
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Charlemange died and his son Louis the Pious succeeded him.
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Louis' sons divided up the empire in the Treaty of Verdun.
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From the 10th century onwards, frequent civil wars limited economic development. Eventually, the empire was divided into several independent caliphates, such as that of the Umayyads, who governed all-Andalus.
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Otto I established the Holy Roman Empire.
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Feudal system. First Crusades. Romanesque art.
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Sailors and Muslim merchants spread Islam beyond the borders of the caliphate, following the trade routes.
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Development of trade. Gothic art. Black Death.
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End of the Byzantine Empire and beginning of the Renaissance.
