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Discovered the difference between smallpox and measles.
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Trota of Salerno was a medical practitioner and writer in the southern Italian coastal town of Salerno
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William of Salicet was an Italian surgeon and cleric in Saliceto. He broke tradition with Galen by claiming that pus formation was bad for wounds and for the patient.
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Henri de Mondeville was a medieval French surgeon who made a significant number of contributions to anatomy and surgery, and was the first Frenchman to author a surgical text
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Was a French physician and surgeon who wrote a lengthy and influential treatise on surgery in Latin, titled Chirurgia Magna.
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An Italian doctor and scholar, suggested that epidemics may come from pathogens outside the body.
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a German-Swiss doctor, scholar, and occultist, pioneered the use of minerals and chemicals in the body.
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Ambroise Paré was a French barber surgeon who served in that role for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III.
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A Flemish anatomist and physician, wrote one of the most influential books on human anatomy.
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An English doctor, was the first person to properly describe the systemic circulation and properties of blood.
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A Scottish naval surgeon, discovers that citrus fruits prevent scurvy.
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Develops a method to protect people from smallpox by exposing them to the cowpox virus
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Uses ether as a general anesthetic during surgery but does not publish his results. Credit goes to dentist William Morton.
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Is the first woman to receive a medical degree (from Geneva Medical College in Geneva, New York).
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Establish the germ theory of disease. According to germ theory, a specific disease is caused by a specific organism.
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An Austrian biologist and physician, identified the different blood types and classified them into blood groups.
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Discovered insulin.
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Discovered penicillin, which came from the mold Penicillium notatum.
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A Dutch doctor, built the world's first dialysis machine. He later pioneered artificial organs.
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an American surgeon, invented the heart-lung machine. He also performed the first ever open-heart surgery, repairing an atrial septal defect, also known as a hole in the heart.
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For the first time the world could read the complete set of human genetic information and begin to discover what our roughly 23,000 genes do.
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The first telesurgery was performed
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Alerted the World Health Organization to the threat of the SARS virus, triggering the most effective response to an epidemic in history. Urbani succumbs to the disease himself in less than a month.
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Performs the first partial face transplant.
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Performs the first full face transplant.
