-
Nation-state- A political unit that has to have territory, boundaries, political organization that controls its own internal and foreign affairs, a population, and it must be recognized by other political units.
-
By this, This crusade was against the Albigensians who were a religious group regarded as heretics by the Church because they rejected central Catholic beliefs and rituals. Innocent strengthened papal power within the Church as well. He extended the Papal States, reformed the Church courts, and changed the way that Church officials were chosen.
-
The Magna Carta shaped English government for many years to come. It contained 2 important ideas; 1) nobles had rights, which would later be extended to all citizens and 2) The document forced monarchs to obey the same laws as others.
-
Louis did much to improve the royal government. He expanded the royal courts, outlawed private wars, and ended serfdom in his personal domain. His enormous personal prestige helped create a strong national feeling among his subjects. By the time of his death, France was emerging as an efficient centralized monarchy.
-
The assemblies that were going on, soon became known as the Model Parliament because it set up the framework for England's legislature. With the power of approving any new taxes, Parliament could insist that the monarch meet its demands before voting for taxes. In this way, it could limit the power of the monarch.
-
Because of their marriage, they created the unified state of Spain. The Reconquista (driving Muslims from the peninsula) was complete because of the couples push.
