Crusades

The High Middle Ages and the Crusades

By sethgrip
  • Period: 1073 to 1085

    Pope Gregory VII and the Gregorian Reforms

    The Gregorian Reforms were a series of reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII and the circle he formed in the papal curia, which dealt with the moral integrity and independence of the clergy. The reforms are considered to be named after Pope Gregory VII, though he personally denied it.
  • 1095

    Call for Crusade at Clermont

    At the council of Clermont, Urban II appealed to a large crowd to take up weapons and recover Palestine from the Muslims.
  • Period: 1096 to 1099

    First Crusade

    Knights from western Europe primarily formed the first crusading armies. These armies were successful in capturing and establishing four crusader states in Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli and Jerusalem.
  • 1122

    Concordant of Worms

    Compromise arranged in 1122 between Pope Calixtus II, and the Holy Roman emperor Henry V, settling the Investiture Controversy, a struggle between the empire and the papacy over the control of church offices.
  • Period: 1147 to 1149

    Second Crusade

    In 1144, Edessa was the first of the crusader states to fall. This led to a new crusade, led by Louis VII of France, and Conrad III of Germany. The second crusade would only last two years and is considered a failure.
  • 1187

    Saladin sacks Jerusalem

    In 1187, Saladin's army invades the Kingdom of Jerusalem and destroys the christian forces there.
  • Period: 1189 to 1192

    The Third Crusade

    Following the fall of Jerusalem. Europe exploded with religious fervor to reclaim the holy city. Led by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, King Richard I the Lionhearted of England, and Philip II Augustus, the king of France. They were unsuccessful in recovering Jerusalem from Muslim control.
  • 1204

    The Fourth Crusade

    The Fourth Crusade was a Western European armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III, originally intended to reconquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem. Instead, a chain of events led the Crusaders to attack the city of Constantinople, neutralizing the Byzantine Empire.
  • Period: 1209 to 1229

    Albigensian Crusade

    Was a 20-year military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in southern France.
  • 1215

    Magna Carta

    a charter agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to make peace between the unpopular King and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons.
  • 1215

    Fourth Lateran Council

    Christians must confess sins ones a year, pronounce of marriage banns, have a physical presence of Jesus in the Eucharist,