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Nation States is a political organization inhabiting similar kinds of sovereign states.
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The struggle for Italy were battles between popes and emperors. There were ambitious German Emperors to control Italy.
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The church that was built dark and gloomy in Paris was redesigned to a gothic style.
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King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta (Great Charter). Forced monarchs to obey the laws and gave nobles rights, that were later extended to all free-men.
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After the Magna Carta, English leaders relied on the Great Council for advice. This council evolved into Parliament to later become England's legislature. As parliament acquired a larger role in the government, it helped unify England
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When infested rats spread the plague in China to clothing and other trading items. Resulted in hitting Asia, Middle East, & Europe.
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Joan appeared in the court of Charles the Seventh, Joan was told by God that she must save France and Charles authorized an army to the English. She got discredited by her own allies and some English men and burned on a stake, but was declared a saint.
