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The followers of Muhammad fall into grief. Abu Bakr, the prophet's father-in-law, becomes the first caliph. This is important because the people who looked up to Muhammad grew uncertain for the future.
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Ali is assassinated which caused the split of Islam. The division was between Sunni and Shiite Muslims. Shiite's believed that Muhammad's successor should be someone from his bloodline whereas the Sunni's believed that the caliph should be chosen by leaders of the muslim community.
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Muslims invaded and eventually conquered the Iberian peninsula, it become one of the greatest civilizations. Spain began to do very well and became the heart of the Muslim community.
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This is important because it stopped the Muslims from spreading into Western Europe.
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Abu al-Abbas founded the Abbassid dynasty. The Abbassid dynasty ended Arab dominance. The Abbassid also helped make Islam a 'universal religion'.
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This led to the eruption of civil wars and Shiites started taking over parts of the empire.
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Islam was adopted by the Seljuk Turks and they also built a large empire across the Fertile Crescent.
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The Turks adopted Persian culture, and they converted to Islam.
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Seljuk interference with Christian pilgrims traveling to Jerusalem led the Pope to call for it. This was a long and bloody fight.
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This was the start of the city being passed around between Christians and Muslims for as long as 150 years.
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The battle of hattin took place near Tiberias between the Crusaders of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Ayyubid Sultan's, Salah ad-Din, Army. Saladin's army was able to defeat the Crusaders. This made muslims the dominant military power in the middle east again, having captured Jerusalem and nearby cities.
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The Marinids defeat the Almohads under the leader Abdul Haq at the Battle of Nakur
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Illkhanate Mongol Forces capture Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. The center of the Muslim religion has been destroyed.
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Muslim merchants and Sufis move to southeast Asia. Uthman begins the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire begins to take over muslim and non-muslim lands.
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Castile and Aragon capture the city of Granada. All muslims and jews get expelled from Spain.
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The Ottoman Empire peaks after having recently captured Syria, Mecca, Medina, and Egypt. Suleyman the Magnificent becomes new ruler.
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