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Period: to
Colonial Gov't
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Red River Colony
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HBC
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Lord Durham
Sent by the British government to report on the state of the rebellious colonies, Lord Durham arrived in British North America as governor-in-chief and Lord High Commissioner. "I expected," he later admitted in his report, "to find a contest between a government and a people." Instead, he "found two nations warring in the bosom of a single state." Spending most of his time in Lower Canada, Durham reserved his harshest criticisms for French-Canadian society: since French Canadians had no culture. -
Aftermath of the Rebellions
In the wake of the Upper- and Lower-Canadian rebellions of 1837 and 1838, British North America's political structures underwent a thorough re-evaluation. The Upper-Canadian rebels, led by William Lyon Mackenzie, demanded the abolition of the Family Compact[1] and a break with the British Empire. During the years leading up to the rebellion, Mackenzie, in his Colonial Advocate, promoted American democratic ideals and assailed the hierarchical nature of Upper Canadian society. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses used by 19th-century enslaved people of African descent in the United States in efforts to escape to free states and Canada with the aid of abolitionists and allies who were sympathetic to their cause. -
Act Of Union
Acting on some of Durham's recommendations but ignoring others, the British government united Upper and Lower Canada under a single legislature. The two Canadas, renamed Canada East and Canada West, would be represented by forty-two seats each. Because Canada East had a larger population, it was underrepresented in the new system: Canada West's 450,000 inhabitants had the same number of representatives as Lower Canada's population of 650,000. -
Period: to
Great Famine(Potato Famine)
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Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny the attitude prevalent during the 19th century period of American expansion that the United States not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. This attitude helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico. The phrase was first employed by John L. O’Sullivan in an article on the annexation of Texas published in the July-August 1845 edition of the United States Magazine and Democratic Review, which he edited. -
Gold Rush Migration
When Sutter's started to run out, the gold discovered at Pikes Peak sent a mass of migration to the area to mine for more gold. Easterners moved west and westerners in California moved east, all to meet up and search for prosperity. -
Seigneuries
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Colorado Gold Rush
On June 22, 1850, a wagon train bound for California crossed the South Platte River just north of the confluence with Clear Creek, and followed Clear Creek west for six miles. Lewis Ralston dipped his gold pan in a stream flowing into Clear Creek, and found almost $5 in gold (about a quarter of a troy ounce) in his first pan. John Lowery Brown, who kept a diary of the party's journey from Georgia to California, wrote on that day: "Lay bye. Gold found." In a notation above the entry, he wrote, "W -
The Indian Act
The Indian Act is a Canadian federal law that governs in matters pertaining to Indian status, bands, and Indian reserves. Throughout history it has been highly invasive and paternalistic, as it authorizes the Canadian federal government to regulate and administer in the affairs and day-to-day lives of registered Indians and reserve communities. -
CPR
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Coffin Ship
Coffin ships is used to refer to the ships that carried Irish immigrants escaping the Great Irish Famine as well as Highlanders displaced by the Highland Clearances.[1] These ships, crowded and disease-ridden, with poor access to food and water, resulted in the deaths of many people as they crossed the Atlantic, and led to the Typhus epidemic of 1847 at quarantine stations in Canada.[2] Owners of coffin ships provided as little food, water, and living space as was legally possible – if
