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753 BCE
Rome is founded
From its founding by Romulus, according to legend, in 753 BC, the city was ruled by a hereditary monarchy until the expulsion of the last Etruscan king in 509 BC.
https://www.worldhistory.org/Romulus_and_Remus/ -
Period: 753 BCE to 509 BCE
Monarchy
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715 BCE
Numa Pompilius becomes king
He was the second king of Rome, the first one after Romulus, he reigned from 715 to 673 BC. Numa Pompilius was a Sabine who gave Rome its religious ceremonies.
https://www.google.es/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=video&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjJ96fVtbrzAhUIQvEDHTJ0CZ0QtwJ6BAgGEAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kidpid.com%2Fwhy-does-february-only-have-28-days%2F&usg=AOvVaw1VdYr2DJ_LmbJgseasW_M4 -
578 BCE
Servius Tullius becomes king
Servius Tullius reigned from 578 to 534 BC, he was the 6th king of Rome. He developed the first census of Rome, a count of citizens by one-hundreds. The more sets of one-hundred citizens an area of Rome had, the more voting rights they were given. The census also determined how many soldiers each area of Rome had to send to the Roman army. His daughter and her husband killed him years later. -
534 BCE
Tarquinius Superbus becomes king
Tarquinius Superbus (the proud), the son of the former king, Tarquin the Elder, reigned from 534 to 509 BC. He was a usurper, having killed his father-in-law to gain the throne. He and his family were so evil that the Romans drove them out of Rome. He went to the Etruscans and gathered an army to regain the throne.
After Tarquinius' failed attempt to regain the throne, a king was not welcome in Rome, that’s how the monarchy ended and the republic started. -
Period: 509 BCE to 27 BCE
Republic
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264 BCE
First Punic war
During the Republic, Rome became a great power, which led it to confront its neighbor Carthage for control of the Mediterranean (Punic Wars). During this period, both signed the first peace pacts to establish their areas of influence. The Roman Republic conquered large territories thanks to the growth of its wealth and a large and effective army. -
240 BCE
The mercenary war
Carthage had to pay its mercenary soldiers after the First Punic War, even though Carthage lost the war to Rome. Rome forced Carthage to pay for damages after the war, so Carthage had very little left to pay the mercenaries. A disagreement over payment between the mercenaries and Carthage led to the Mercenary War. -
219 BCE
2nd Punic war
Distrusting the Carthaginian politicians who surrendered to Rome, Hamilcar Barca moved to Iberia (modern Spain) looking to expand Carthaginian territory, and to one day attack Rome with an army from Spain. Before he left for Spain, Hamilcar made his son, Hannibal, at a very young age, take an oath to hate Rome as long as he lived. It was only after taking this oath that Hamilcar agreed to take his son with him to Spain; and so, the hatred for Rome was passed on from father to son. -
149 BCE
3rd Punic war
After winning the second Punic war Rome had a problem, soldiers had been away to war for a long period of time. Now that peace with Carthage was achieved, what would become of these soldiers returning to their home? They had nowhere to go and no work. The solution was simple, send them back to war again, to Greece to fight against Phillip V of Macedonia. Phillip had backed Carthage during the Second Punic War, so this made sense. Besides, Rome could add more territory and slaves if victorious. -
146 BCE
Cartago is destroyed
The fall of Carthage came at the end of the Third Punic War at the Battle of Carthage. Despite initial devastating Roman naval losses and Rome's recovery from the brink of defeat after the terror of a 15-year occupation of much of Italy by Hannibal, the end of the series of wars resulted in the end of Carthaginian power and the complete destruction of the city. The Romans pulled the Phoenician warships out into the harbor and burned them before the city. -
49 BCE
Cesars dictation begins
the year 49 BC. Caesar crossed the Rubicon, a small river that separated his Cisalpine Gallic province from Italy, and headed south. Pompey fled to Brundisium and from there to Greece.
Within three months, Caesar controlled the entire Italian peninsula and his forces seized Hispania and the key port of Massilia in France.
Caesar became a dictator until he was elected consul in 48 BC. In Greece he destroyed Pompey's forces in Pharsalia. He fled to Egypt, where he was killed. -
44 BCE
Cesar is killed
In 44 BC, a group of senators, including Gaius Cassius and Marcus Junius Brutus, conspired to carry out his assassination. On the Ides (15) March 44 BC, when Caesar entered the Senate, the group assassinated him.
https://www.google.es/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=video&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwixw7-QtrrzAhXYSPEDHTkOASAQtwJ6BAgHEAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6YIRQ6b52rs&usg=AOvVaw1AcrdPV428SM05SoYdpm-5 -
27 BCE
Augusto becomes Rome’s first emperor
Augusto was 18 years old, he was an intelligent and reserved young man, a distant relative of Caesar, in whom the dictator believed he discovered the extraordinary qualities that Rome needed. Octavio ruled Rome with Marco Antonio, until he managed to get rid of him, in the last of the civil wars that ravaged the Republic. The victory over Marco Antonio and in 31 BC, placed Rome in his hands. in the year 27, the Senate granted him the title of Augustus, which turned him into emperor. -
Period: 27 BCE to 476
Empire
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98
Trajan arrives to the throne
The arrival of Trajan inaugurated the most glorious era of the Empire, the century in which Rome reached its maximum splendor and development. For generations, the Empire was ruled by extraordinarily capable emperors. The reigns of these were long and prosperous, and when they died, the succession took place peacefully. It seemed that the Empire had reached a balance and that nothing could destroy it. During this century a sense of completeness and perfection spread everywhere. -
395
Teodosio divides the empire
Looking for a last solution to the problems of the Empire, Theodosius decided to distribute it at his death between his two sons, beginning the historical division, between East and West. The empire of the West was in the hands of Honorius, and that of the East in the hands of Arcadius. https://www.google.es/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=video&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi_1bOptrrzAhW0SfEDHRc2CdwQtwJ6BAgHEAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sutori.com%2Fstory%2Fmiddle-ages--twRuF21c9pGZeGa7XKxNoKGa&usg=AOvVaw181AP -
476
Fall of the western empire
In the year 475 Romulus Augustulus came to the throne, only one year after his accession he was deposed by the barbarian general Odoacer, who declared the throne of the ancient Caesars vacant. This way, almost noiselessly, the Western Roman Empire fell, devoured by the barbarians. The one from the East would survive for another thousand years, until the Turks, in 1453, overthrew the last Byzantine emperor. With him ended the two-thousand-year rule of the descendants of Romulus.