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Jun 13, 622
Migration to Medinah
The Prophet had convinced the Muslims that they should migrate from Makkah to Medinah. The Quraish realized what was going on, and sought out to stop him. The Prophet appointed Ali ibn Abi Talib to sleep in his bed, and no harm would come to him, as the Rasul and Abu Bakr escaped at dawn. The Prophet and Abu Bakr hid in a cave, where some men had almost captured them but decided no one was there because of a woven spider web. They left for Medinah, where they arrived on July 11, 622 AD. -
Aug 10, 622
Constitution of Medinah
When the Prophet migrated from Makkah to Medinah, he joined a diverse community made of different tribes and faith. There were Muslims, Jews, and Polytheists. There were also Aws, Khazrij, Banu Quraidha, Banu An Nadheer and Banu Qainuqaa. Prophet Muhummad drew a constitution that highlighted the rights and responsiblities of each party. Medinah was the power base of Islam, being the early Muslim community under Muhammad's leadership and then under the first 4 caliphs. -
Mar 13, 624
The Battle of Badr
The Battle of Badr took place in the blessed month of Ramadaan in the 2nd year after the Hijrah. It was the first battle with the Quraish after the Muslims moved to Medinah. The pagan army consisted of 950 fighters and the Muslim army consisted of 314 fighters only. However, the Muslims won in the end. 70 pagans met their death, and the Muslims took 70 prisoners. This was a great victory for the Muslims and a turning point in the Prophet's life. -
Dec 15, 625
The Battle of Uhud
The Battle of Uhud took place in 15 Shawwal 3 AH. The mount is located five kilometers north of Medina. Whilst heavily outnumbered, the Muslims gained the early initiative and forced the Meccan lines back, thus leaving much of the Meccan camp unprotected. As the Muslims left their assigned posts to despoil the Meccan camp, a surprise attack from Meccan cavalry killed many Muslims. The Prophet was injured. This was a major setback for the Muslims. -
Jan 23, 627
The Battle of the Trench
The Battle of the Trench happened 5 years after Hijra. The name came from the deep trench the Muslims decided to dig at the border of Medinah to prevent the enemy from attacking them. It was the idea of the Prophet's companion Salman Al-Farisee. The Quraish were unsatisfied because they did not kill the Prophet in the Battle of Uhud. The Qurasyh and their allies (Jewish tribes that were kicked out of Medinah) exceeded 10,000 men while the Muslims had around 3,000 men. The Muslims won easily. -
Jul 5, 627
Treaty of Hudaybiyah
The Prophet Muhammad (saw) left Medinah with his companions to perform Umrah in Makkah, after seeing it in a dream. He took 70 camels and 1400 Muslims. The Quraish were alarmed and Khalid ibn Waleed was sent with 200 men to to prevent the entry of the pilgrims. The Prophet then re-routed the expedition to Al-Hudaibiyah, a well which lies twenty-two kilometers to the north-west of Makkah. After many long days of peace negotiations, the Quraish and the Muslims established a peace treaty. -
Dec 11, 630
The Conquest (Opening) of Makkah
According to the treaty of Hudaibiyah, Arab tribes were given the option of joining either parties, the Muslims or Quraish. If any of these tribes face aggression, the allies would have the right to retaliate. Banu Bakr joined Quraish, and Khuza‘ah joined Muhammad. They had previous hostilities and they attacked at a place called Al-Wateer. After the incident, Quraysh petitioned to maintain the treaty and the Muslims forces strenghtened for their final attack and conquest of Makkah. -
The Letter of the Prophet to Al-Mundhir ibn Saawa
After the treaty of Hudaybiyyah, peaceful conditions started with Prophet Mohammad, writing letters to eight foreign emperors and rulers, calling upon them to accept Islam. The Prophet sent ambassadors in the year 628 AD (Muharram, 7 Hijrah). None of his ambassadors backed down, even though they did know they might not return back. Several of them had embraced and accepted Islam, wanting to know more about it. Others respected the offer but didn't accept Islam. Others lashed out in violence.