Cyrus the Great establishes the Achaemenid Empire of Persia.
Period: 550 BCE to 330 BCE
Achaemenid Empire
539 BCE
Cyrus the Great conquers Babylon; the Fertile Crescent is controlled by the Achaemenid Empire (The First Persian Empire).
522 BCE
Darius I (Darius the Great) succeeds to the throne of Persia after the death of Cambyses
520 BCE
Darius I of Persia fights the Scythians and loses
449 BCE
Peace is agreed on by Athens and Persia
429 BCE
Darius I of Persia invades Greece.
404 BCE
Persia conquers Egypt.
330 BCE
Persian Achaemenid Empire falls to Alexander the Great.
247 BCE
Diodotus achieves independence from Seleucid empire.
Period: 247 BCE to 224
Parthian Empire
139 BCE
Mehrdad I conquers Mesopotamia and western Iran from the Seleucids.
72 BCE
Alan invasion and civil war:
38
Civil war in Parthian between Vardan and Godarz II.
224
Defeat of Ardvan IV by Ardashir brings era of Parthian rule to an end.
224
Sasanians overthrow the Parthians.
224
Reign of Ardashir I, who reformed the Persia by centralizing power, making Zoroastrianism state religion
Period: 224 to 651
Sasanian Empire
240
Reign of Shapur I, who first brought the Sassanian empire to its peak.
252
Sasanid Empire invades the Kingdom of Armenia.
387
Roman emperor Theodosius I and Shapur III of Persia agree to formally divide Armenia between the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and the Sasanian Empire.
651
Arab Rashidun Caliphate conquers the Sasanian Empire.