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Battle of Vienna
Failed expedition of Ottomans against Habsburg Holy Roman Empire. Marked the end of Ottoman Domination in Eastern Europe. -
Period: to
Tulip Period
Peaceful Period where the Empire started orienting itself towards Europe. -
Ottoman Turkish Language Books Printed for First Time
By Hungarian convert who renamed himself ‘Ibrahim Müteferrika’ -
Naval Engineering
Naval School founded under rule of Sultan Mustafa II -
Period: to
Selim III
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New Order Army
New military establishment of the ‘New Order’. Was a failure during its time but was much more effective than Janissaries. -
Military Engineering
The Imperial School of Military Engineering founded in Hasköy, Constantinople -
Period: to
Serbian Revolution
National Uprising and constitutional change in Serbia against Ottomans. The territory went from a Ottoman province to a constitutional monarchy. -
Anglo-Turkish War
Conflict that took place during Napoleonic Wars. Resulted in an Ottoman Victory. -
Period: to
Mustafa IV
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Period: to
Mahmud II
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Period: to
Greek War of Independence
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Auspicious Incident
Forced disbandment of Janissaries by Sultan Mahmud II. Janissaries revolted and after the riot ended, leaders and members were killed and exiled and Janissaries were disbanded. -
Replacement of Turban with Fez
Symbol for the respectability of change Mahmud II had established -
Establishment of the Kingdom of Greece
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Edict of Gülhane
Edict that launched the Tanzimât Period. -
Period: to
Tanzimat Period
Period of series of reforms and reorganization of the Empire = modernization.
Example: Penal code in 1858 -
Period: to
Abdülmecid I
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Oriental Crisis of 1840
Episode in Egyptian Ottoman War (Eastern Mediterranean) —> Self declared Khedive of Egypt wanting to establish a personal Empire in Egypt (an Ottoman Province) -
Period: to
Crimean War
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Ottoman Public Debt
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Period: to
Abdülaziz I
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Young Turks Founded
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Education Act
Education plan inaugurated. A free and compulsory primary education. -
Period: to
Great Eastern Crisis
Outbreak of various uprisings and wars in Eastern Europe, which resulted in the involvement of international help. -
April Uprising
Uprising organized by Bulgarians (only took place in areas with a predominant Bulgarian population) -
Period: to
First Constitutional Era
After the establishment of the Ottoman Constitution in 1876. Empire became a constitutional monarchy. -
Period: to
Murad V
Was removed from the throne after 93 days on grounds that he was mentally ill. -
Period: to
Abdülhamid II
Restored the absolute monarchy ending the First Constitutional Era. -
Period: to
Russo-Turkish War
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Congress of Berlin
Meeting of the six ‘great powers’, four Balkan states and the Ottoman Empire -
Treaty of San Stefano
Ended the Russo-Turkish War and gave autonomy to Bulgaria -
Decree of Muharrem (OPDA)
Ottoman Public Debt was reduced.
Ottoman Public Debt Organization (OPDA), was European-controlled and collected payments. -
Comittee of Union and Progress (CUP) founded
-
Period: to
Hamidian Massacre
Massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire -
Congress of Ottoman Liberals
Congress where there was a reconcile of disagreements between groups that we’re opposed to a rule without constitution. -
Young Turk Revolution
When Young Turks restored the Ottoman Constitution of 1876, kickstarting the Second Constitutional Era. -
31st March Incident
A defeat by the ‘Army of Action’ of the Ottoman countercoup -
Period: to
Mehmed V
-
Period: to
First Balkan War
War between the Balkan League and Ottoman Empire. Won by th Balkan League. -
Raid on Sublime Porte
Coup d’état carried out by member state of the CUP (Committee of Union and Progress) -
Period: to
First World War