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German forces invaded what had been the Western Roman Empire. Germans brought many changes to language, government, and culture.
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Franks were united into one kingdom- modern day France.
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Missionaries were religious travelers. Their goal was to spread their religion, which was Christianity.
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Stopped Muslim invasions into Spain.
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Louis the Pious was Chalremagne's son, was not a strong ruler. Louis left the empire to all three of his sons - who fought and eventually split the land. Without central authority or strong leadership the empire weakens.
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Led by Duke William ll. Who defeated King William the ll at the Battle of Hastings.
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Between the Norman and French army of Duke William II of Normandy and the English army under King Harold II. It took place at Senlac Hill.
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Emperor Henry IV called a meeting with the bishops and with their approval he sent Pope Gregory VII a letter ordering him to step down.Gregory sent a letter back excommunicating Henry IV. Henry asked for forgiveness. Pope Gregory ended excommunication.
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Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus sent and appeal to Pope Urban ll. The emperor asked for help against the muslim turks.
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The Crusades had both economic goals and religious motives. Kings and the church saw the Crusades as an oppurtunity to get rid of quarrelsome knights who taught each other.
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Btween the forces of the Holy Roman Empire. Led by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, and the Lombard League.
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The Magna Carta is a document created for the purpose of limiting the powers of the monarch and preserving the basic legal rights of all free men in England.
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A document drawn up by English nobles and reluctantly approved by King John, guaranteed certain basic political rights.
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Knights, burgesses, bishops, and lords met together as Westminister in London. This is now called the Model Parliment because its new makeup served as a model for later kings.
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At a time when serious scholars and writers were writing in Latin, a few remarkable poets began using a lively Vernacular, or the everyday language of their homeland.
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Between England and France. The kinf of England, son of a French princess, claimed to be ruler of France.
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1/3 of Europes population died from the plague. Begins in Asia and is brought to Europe through trade routes.
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There were two popes, each declared the other to be a false pope, excommunicating his rival. The French pope lived in Avignan, while the Italian pope lived in Rome. This began the split in the church known as the Great Schism.
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When Joan of Arc was thirteen years old she had a voice from God to aid her in self-discipline. The first time she was greatly afraid. The voice came about noon in the summer in her fathers garden, and she had fasted the day before.
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By the 1400's, the muslims held only the tiny kingdom of Grananda. In 1492, Grananda fell to the Christian army of Ferdinand and Isabella, the spanish monarchs.
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Pope of the entire church. The popes crowning was important because the Catholic church was very powerful in Western Europe.
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