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In the decline of rome, Emperor Constantine divided the empire into 2 parts, the eastern and western empire. When the Western empire fell in 476, the East thrived, forming a new capital: Constantinoble. This portion of former Rome later became the Byzantine empire.
In 1453, after repeated qattacks by the Ottomans, the Byzantine Empire collapsed. -
Chlodowech was the first King of the Franks.
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Born in Mecca.
Because he was praying he received the revelations from God from the Angel Gabriel.--> later recorded in the Quran.
To escape the Arabs, early on, Muhammad fled Mecca to Medina.
Muhammad was a political and spiritual leader -
father-in-law of the prophet muhammad.
Abu Bakr succeeded to the political and administrative functions previously exercised by Muhammad. -
Hijrah is an Arabic term of the prophet muhammad`s imigration from Mecca to Medina. This forms the basis of the islamic era.
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-Muslim dinasty to role the empire.
-Led by Mu’awiyah
-Created the Caliphate
-Moved the Capitol from Madina to Damascus in Syria -
In 768, Charlemagne and his brother inherited the kingdom, then his brother died and he became sole ruler.
In 772, Charlemagne launched a 30-year military campaign to unite the old Roman empire, and succeded, creating the Holy Roman Empire.
He sought to spread Education and Christianity, and urged better farming methods and encouraged trade to strengthen his empire and help the people. Soon, the Holy Roman empire covered most of europe. -
Abu al-Abbas was a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad’s uncle.
Capitol moved from Damascus to Baghdad. (bagdad destroyd)
Golden age of the Arab Empires.
Caliph Harun al-Rashid embraced art and literature.
Center of trade. -
William became Duke in 1035, when he was just 7 years old.
William led an invasion of England in 10 66.
The English had just fought off a Viking invasion in the North, and were tired and in disarray. Still, the battle lasted for hours.
William was victorius. He was crowned king of England the same year. -
Hired by the Fatimid Dynasty.
They were nomadic people that converted to Islam and prospered in the Abbasid Empire.
Slowly the Seljuk Turks began to grow more powerful and eventually conquered Baghdad, in 1055.It was by a turkish leader wth the title sultan. -
Center of the muslim world
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Pope Urban was elected in 1088.
A delagation from the Byzantine empire was sent to him to ask for help.
He saw an oppertunity to prove the superiority of his religion, and launched the first Crusade. -
The first Crusade in 1097. --> secured Jerusalem.
The second Crusade --> Ended in desaster, tring to take Edessa.
The third Crusade --> Jerusalem fell, they tried to take it back.
They coudent take the city back, but the muslims let pilgrims enter the city.
Effects of the Crusades -->trade opened up, Society grew, The Church lost power in Europe, Politics more for religion (belive it, or die), -
Where a nomadic civilization.
They were led by Dsjengis-Khan.
It was one of the biggest empire ever.
Over time Mongol rulers intermarried with the Arabs and converted to Islam.
The Arab empire begins to collapse and the center Islamic Civilization moves to Egypt.
They destroyd bagdad. -
Center of the muslim world
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In 1348, the Bubonic Plague broke out in Europe. The disease spread from fleas, who lived on the rats living in the filth of the cities and towns. Almost a third of Europes population was killed. There were almost no workers left to harvest fields and tend animals, so whole villages starved from the lack of food. The Plague lasted 2 years.
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Queen Isabella --> in the top with the Church.
Heretics --> you were killed if you did not belive what the king belived. -
Center of the muslim world
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Justinian was emperor of the Byzantine empire.
Said to have restored The former Roman Empire to its former glory.
Ruled from Constantanople.
He helped reshape the church in his domain, and built a long line of defensive walls on the eastern and southern borders. -
vikings came, communeties wanted to ceep to themselves. As a result --> localized authority --> Local Nobility becomes the authority in communities --> Feudal system.
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When Bagdad fell
