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Popes of the Catholic Church had gained control of territories in central Italy that became known as Papal States. The control allowed popes to be involved in political matters.
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The first crusade came through Genova, Pisa, and Rome along with many smaller cities too.
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He planned to get his chief revenues from Italy. He also considered Italy the center of a "holy empire", hence the name Holy Roman Empire. He struggled with the popes opinions.
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The pope feared that Frederick I would try to take over Rome and the Papal States. Northern Italy cities helped form an alliance with the pope and defeated Frederick in 1176.
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He wanted to establish a strong centralized state in Italy. he worried so much about Northern Italy and the pope that he forgot about his own people. He also lost the war with northern Italy.
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Saint Frances of Assisi founded the Fransiscan form of life.
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The forth crusade began in Venice and traveled along the edges of Italy all the way to Constantinople.
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The first European University appeared in Bologna, Italy. Men came to study law from Irnerius.
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In late 1347, the Black death hit the southern regions of Italy.
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The Black Death had speard to cover all of Italy by mid 1348.
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The Great Schism lasted from 1378 to 1417. It damaged the church a lot. Pope Urban VI was in Rome and England and it's allies supported him.
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The Italian Wars began in 1494
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Pope Urban VI was elected as pope and was Italian.
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Venice developed into a major trading center in the Mediterranean.
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Charlemagne added over half of Italy to his kingdom
