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Ascetic Catholic lawyer/writer/martyr, advisor to Henry8. Christian Humanism: humanity bettere itself through charity and spirituality - writing should reflect this. beginnings of literature and political philosophy
Equity: flexibility in punishment (depending on motive) -
Context for Utopia - exploration, looking for this place
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At first thought to be serious? Or a joke? Book I: Problematize England Book II: Descripe Utopia Utopia: no-place.
Eutopia: good place.
Babel: impossible to achieve Utopia, -
Oath of Supremacy. Declares self as head of Church of England - wants to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn More reguses - beheaded, then sainted
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leaving chaos in re legitimacy of heirs and religious conflict. Edward VI is 10 yo, son of Jane Seymour. His advisors push towards greater separation of CoE and Rome
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Dies at 16yo, leaving country to the Catholic Mary (Catherine's daughter)
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Back to Protestantism and enlightened absolutism
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Henry and Anne Boleyn, Protestant
Absolute monarchy
cultural flourishing
new sense of progress and human improvement
modernism
globalisation
enclosure
textiles --> industrial revolution -
37 Plays, Folios,
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Monarchy is free from other power competition - people, clergy, etc
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Source for Caliban - 16th and 17th century ideas of Native Americans
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No heir - James is Protestant as well - Absolute Monarch!!
King James Bible - unpopular, pedant, assasination plots, divine right of Kings, witchcraft -
Assassination attempts by Catholics
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Guy Fawkes - Catholic conspiracy
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true story of storms, island, - Bermuda
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Source for the Tempest
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Last text, Shakespeare's farewell
Romance: “improbable, false, fanciful, full of wild scenery.” The difference between a Comedy and a Romance is a lack of slapstick and elements of the ridiculous - Samuel Johnson, Edward Dowden Themes: Power and authority, justice and mercy, reconciliation and regeneration -
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214,000 people to New World, American colonies and West Indies Puritans
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Charles I and Parliament in conflict about divine right - Parliament says power should come from the people
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captured by the Parliamentists,
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Protectorate/ Republic
Parliament takes control -
contract theory of government
people can give and take power from ruler - consent -
text about irreversable contract with ruler
ruler acts for all, prevents anarchy
give up some rights for protection/safety
--Crusoe? fear as basic nature of man -
dissolves Parliament, sets up time of religious toleration exc. Catholics
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screws with Cromwell's head/body
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middle class Presbyterian
one of first British Novelists
Realism, novel form,
lived in a communtiy of dissenters - separation of church and state
chose trade over ministerhood -
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Destroys Shakespearean documentation
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Source for Byronic Hero: SATAN
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James II replaced by William of Orange replaces Catholic King, Catholic uprisings occur
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Charle II's bastard tries to deseat Catholic James II - Defoe fights for James
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John Locke - social contract - responsibilities - give up some things for other thngs
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sugar, rum, slaves --- triangle trade, middle passage
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Individualist
Satirical
Emphasis on authority and coherence of individual subject
clarity and restraint
ornamental but not useful to people’s understanding of the world
Pope, Swift -
believed to be real? first novel, realism
character driven
thought experiment about isolation and human nature
spiritual autobiography
capitalism, protestant work ethic, individualism, -
New attitude towards nature
“The Prelude” is psychological autobiography
poetry as center of human knowledge
friends with Godwin, Coleridge, etc -
habeus corpus - Lord Mansfield allows him to go free because England doesn't have a "positive law" allowing slavery in the country
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incite French debt and revolutionary fervour
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use human understanding to attain higher goals, independently
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Abbe Sieyes, want real representation, National Assembly, Tennis Court Oath
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response to 18,000 troops in Versailles - rioting, fear, hunger, homelessness forces Louis XVI to accept National Assembly
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abolish Feudalism
enlightenment hopes -
passionate, rebellious, reject society - Byron, Shelley, Blake, Wordsworth - Poetry!
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France is superpower in serious debt and with the Three Estates system - TAXES. 100,000 - 400,000 - 23.5 million
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Price, Burke, Wollestonecraft
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fails to abolish slave trade
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mother died in childbirth, own child died young - Frankenstein
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Violence marks beginning of the Terror
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atheist, free love,
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lead by Robespierre, France declares war on GB, Dutch, Spanish
guillotine madness
The Directory
Revolutionary Tribunal -
illustrated by Blake - military journey, critical of slavery
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Write about the true nature of humanity
equalizes all men by writing their lives
uses language of real men -
fines, slaves freed if found on ships
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universal democracy
doctrine of the imagination
the sublime revolution from the insides, poets as legislator -
= piracy
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though indentured for 5 more years
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feudal v industrial v mercantile capitalism -- Crusoe homo economicus
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Fritz
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Creepy, The Cure, in the house, Helena Bonham Carter,
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high-brow, John Gorrie - passive European Miranda
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Helen Mirren BEN WHISHAW