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Period: Oct 22, 1478 to Oct 22, 1535
Thomas More
Ascetic Catholic lawyer/writer/martyr, advisor to Henry8. Christian Humanism: humanity bettere itself through charity and spirituality - writing should reflect this. beginnings of literature and political philosophy
Equity: flexibility in punishment (depending on motive) -
Oct 22, 1492
Columbus reaches the New World
Context for Utopia - exploration, looking for this place -
Oct 22, 1515
Utopia Published
At first thought to be serious? Or a joke? Book I: Problematize England Book II: Descripe Utopia Utopia: no-place.
Eutopia: good place.
Babel: impossible to achieve Utopia, -
Oct 22, 1534
PIVOT Henry 8 Act of Supremacy
Oath of Supremacy. Declares self as head of Church of England - wants to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn More reguses - beheaded, then sainted -
Jan 28, 1547
Henry VIII dies - Edward VI
leaving chaos in re legitimacy of heirs and religious conflict. Edward VI is 10 yo, son of Jane Seymour. His advisors push towards greater separation of CoE and Rome -
Oct 22, 1553
Edward Dies - Mary Scots
Dies at 16yo, leaving country to the Catholic Mary (Catherine's daughter) -
Oct 22, 1558
Mary dies -- Elizabth I
Back to Protestantism and enlightened absolutism -
Period: Oct 22, 1558 to
Elizabeth I - "Golden Age" or "Enlightenment"
Henry and Anne Boleyn, Protestant
Absolute monarchy
cultural flourishing
new sense of progress and human improvement
modernism
globalisation
enclosure
textiles --> industrial revolution -
Period: Apr 24, 1564 to
William Shakespeare
37 Plays, Folios, -
The True Law of Free Monarchy -James VI
Monarchy is free from other power competition - people, clergy, etc -
"Of the Cannibals" - Michel de Montaigne
Source for Caliban - 16th and 17th century ideas of Native Americans -
Elizabeth I dies -- James VI of Scotland
No heir - James is Protestant as well - Absolute Monarch!!
King James Bible - unpopular, pedant, assasination plots, divine right of Kings, witchcraft -
Main Plot and Bye Plot against James VI
Assassination attempts by Catholics -
Gunpowder Plot
Guy Fawkes - Catholic conspiracy -
Strachey Letter
true story of storms, island, - Bermuda -
Sylvester Jourdain: A Voyage to Virginia
Source for the Tempest -
The Tempest Published
Last text, Shakespeare's farewell
Romance: “improbable, false, fanciful, full of wild scenery.” The difference between a Comedy and a Romance is a lack of slapstick and elements of the ridiculous - Samuel Johnson, Edward Dowden Themes: Power and authority, justice and mercy, reconciliation and regeneration -
Shakespeare's First Folio published
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James VI dies -- Charles I
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Period: to
Great English Migration
214,000 people to New World, American colonies and West Indies Puritans -
Period: to
English Civil War
Charles I and Parliament in conflict about divine right - Parliament says power should come from the people -
Charles I beheaded --
captured by the Parliamentists, -
Parliament declares Commonwealth
Protectorate/ Republic
Parliament takes control -
Milton's "The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates"
contract theory of government
people can give and take power from ruler - consent -
Hobbe's "Leviathan"
text about irreversable contract with ruler
ruler acts for all, prevents anarchy
give up some rights for protection/safety
--Crusoe? fear as basic nature of man -
Oliver Cromwell sets up Protectorate
dissolves Parliament, sets up time of religious toleration exc. Catholics -
Charles II back in power
screws with Cromwell's head/body -
Period: to
Daniel Defoe Lives
middle class Presbyterian
one of first British Novelists
Realism, novel form,
lived in a communtiy of dissenters - separation of church and state
chose trade over ministerhood -
PLAGUE
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London Fire
Destroys Shakespearean documentation -
Milton's "Paradise Lost"
Source for Byronic Hero: SATAN -
The Glorious Revolution
James II replaced by William of Orange replaces Catholic King, Catholic uprisings occur -
Battle of 1685
Charle II's bastard tries to deseat Catholic James II - Defoe fights for James -
Two Treatises of Government
John Locke - social contract - responsibilities - give up some things for other thngs -
Period: to
Atlantic Slave Trade
sugar, rum, slaves --- triangle trade, middle passage -
Period: to
The Augustans: Neoclassicism
Individualist
Satirical
Emphasis on authority and coherence of individual subject
clarity and restraint
ornamental but not useful to people’s understanding of the world
Pope, Swift -
Robinson Crusoe Published
believed to be real? first novel, realism
character driven
thought experiment about isolation and human nature
spiritual autobiography
capitalism, protestant work ethic, individualism, -
Period: to
William Wordsworth
New attitude towards nature
“The Prelude” is psychological autobiography
poetry as center of human knowledge
friends with Godwin, Coleridge, etc -
Case of James Sommersett: Slavery
habeus corpus - Lord Mansfield allows him to go free because England doesn't have a "positive law" allowing slavery in the country -
Period: to
American Revolutionary War
incite French debt and revolutionary fervour -
Kant - "What is Enlightenment"
use human understanding to attain higher goals, independently -
Calling of Etats Generaux
Abbe Sieyes, want real representation, National Assembly, Tennis Court Oath -
Bastille Day
response to 18,000 troops in Versailles - rioting, fear, hunger, homelessness forces Louis XVI to accept National Assembly -
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
abolish Feudalism
enlightenment hopes -
Period: to
Romanticism
passionate, rebellious, reject society - Byron, Shelley, Blake, Wordsworth - Poetry! -
Period: to
French Revolution
France is superpower in serious debt and with the Three Estates system - TAXES. 100,000 - 400,000 - 23.5 million -
Period: to
Revolution Controversy
Price, Burke, Wollestonecraft -
Will Wilberforce proposes bill
fails to abolish slave trade -
The Rights of Woman - Olympe de Gouges
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Period: to
Mary Shelley
mother died in childbirth, own child died young - Frankenstein -
September Massacres
Violence marks beginning of the Terror -
Period: to
Percey Bysshe Shelley
atheist, free love, -
Louis XVI Executed
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Period: to
The Terror
lead by Robespierre, France declares war on GB, Dutch, Spanish
guillotine madness
The Directory
Revolutionary Tribunal -
John Steadman's memoir
illustrated by Blake - military journey, critical of slavery -
Lyrical Ballads - Wordsworth and Coleridge
Write about the true nature of humanity
equalizes all men by writing their lives
uses language of real men -
Disincentivize slavery
fines, slaves freed if found on ships -
A Defence of Poetry
universal democracy
doctrine of the imagination
the sublime revolution from the insides, poets as legislator -
Death penalty for Slavery
= piracy -
Emancipation of Slaves
though indentured for 5 more years -
Marx publishes Das Capital
feudal v industrial v mercantile capitalism -- Crusoe homo economicus -
Frankenstein - James Wale
Fritz -
Bride of Frankenstein
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The Tempest Film - Derek Jarman
Creepy, The Cure, in the house, Helena Bonham Carter, -
The Tempest Film - BBC
high-brow, John Gorrie - passive European Miranda -
Blade Runner
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Mary Shelley's Frankenstein - Branaugh
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The Tempest Film - Julie Traymor
Helen Mirren BEN WHISHAW