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570
Muhammad's Birth
Muhammad, the founder of islam, was born around 570. Noone really knows the exact year he was born. He was born in Mecca and was raised by his grandparents and uncle. He was orphaned at a young age. When Muhammad was about 25, he married Khadija. She ran a prosperous caravan business. -
Period: 570 to
Islamic Empires
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Jan 1, 610
Visit by Gabriel
Muhammad was visited by the angel Gabriel. Muhammad was praying and meditating in cave when he was about 40 years old. He heard a voice saying "Proclaim". He had a whole conversation with the angel. After this, he sprerad Islam for the rest of his life. -
Jan 1, 622
The Hijra
In the beginning, many people did not want to listen to Muhammad. Muhammad was faced with the threat of murder. All of Muhammad's followers, including him, fled to Yathrib. This was later renamed Medina. -
Jan 1, 630
Returning to Mecca
Muhammad returned in triumph to Mecca and there he destroyed the idols in the Kaaba. -
Jan 1, 632
Muhammad's Death
Muhammad died in 632 but today Islam is still spreading. Today, it is one of the major religions. -
Jan 1, 641
Muslims enter Egypt
Muslims rout the Byzantine Army. In most instances, they were under oppressive rule. -
Jan 1, 655
Spreading of Islam
Islam spread throughout most of North Africa. -
Jan 1, 661
Beginning of the Umayyad Rule
Imam was killed which brings an end to the rule of the four "Righteous Caliphs". This marks the beginning of the Umayyad Rule. Umayyad dynasty is the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the Caliphate. -
Jan 1, 711
Muslims enter Spain
Muslims enter Spain in the west and India in the east. Over time, the whole Iberian Pennisula is under Islamic control. -
Jan 1, 711
Arabs conquered the Indus Valley
The arabs conquered the Indus Valley but they advanced no farther into the subcontinent. -
Jan 1, 732
Muslims are Defeated
Muslims were defeated by Charles Martel in France at the battle of Poitiers. -
Jan 1, 750
The Abbassid Takeover
The Abbassids take over from the Umayyads. The Abbasid dynasty ended Arab dominance and helped make Islam a universal religion. Under the early Abbassids, the Muslims enjoyed a golden age. -
Jan 1, 1000
Muslim Turks and Afghans pushed into India
At first, the Muslim Turks and the Afghans were adventurers. Mahmud was a adventurer and pillaged much of the north. -
Jan 1, 1095
First Crusade
Pope Urban ll called for the First Crusade because of the reports of Seljuks interfering with Christian pilgrims traveling tp Jerusalem. -
Jan 1, 1099
Christian Crusaders captured Jerusalem
For 150 years, the city of Jerusalem passed back and forth between Muslims and Christians. The Muslim general, Slah al-Din, took Christians from Jerusalem in 1187. They regained it after Sala al-Din's death and kept it until 1244. -
Jan 1, 1100
The Sultan of Ghur
In the late 1100's, the late Sultan of Ghur defeated Hindu armies across the northern plain. He made Delhi his capital. After that, his successors organized a sultanate, which is a land ruled by a sultan. -
Jan 1, 1120
Spread throughout Asia
Islam continues to spread throughtout Asia. Malaysian traders interact with Muslims who teach them about Islam and their beliefs. -
Jan 1, 1206
The Delhi sultanate
The Delhi sultanate lasted until 1526. This time period marked the start of Muslim rule in northern India. -
Jan 1, 1300
Ottoman Expansion
During the 1300's, the Ottoman's expanded throughout Asia Minor and into southeastern europe. They made a capital in the Balkan Peninsula. -
Jan 1, 1398
Tamerlane Invades
Tamerlane smashed into Delhi. Thousands of artisans were enslaved to build his capital at Samarkland. Delhi slowly recovered but the sultans no longer controlled a large empire. -
Jan 1, 1453
Ottoman's Conquer
The Ottoman's conquer the Byzantine seat of Constantinople and they change the name to Istanbul. -
Jan 1, 1453
Capture of Constantinople
After many tries to capture Constantinople, Muhammad ll finally succeeded. For the next 200 years, the Ottoman empire continued to grow. -
Jan 1, 1500
Safavid Dynasty
In the 1500's, the Safavid Dynasty had united a strong empire in Persia, which is present-day Iran. The Safavids were Shiite Muslims. -
Jan 1, 1520
Golden Age of the Ottomans
The Ottoman Empire had a Golden Age under Suleiman. He ruled from 1520 to 1566. He was known as a brilliant general who conquered many lands and modernized the army. -
Jan 1, 1526
Turkish and Mongol Invaders
The invaders came through the mountain passes in India. Babur rode at the head. He was a military genius, poet and an author. -
Jan 1, 1529
Austrian city of Vienna
Suleiman's armies besieged the city of Vienna. Fear spread through Western Europe. The Ottoman's ruled the largest and most powerful empire in Europe and the Middle East for centuries. -
Jan 1, 1556
Akbar the Great's reign
Akbar ruled from 1556 to 1605 and he created a strong central government. Eventually, he earned the title Abkar the Great. He was a Muslim. -
Abbas the Great
From 1588 to 1629, Abbas the Great centralized the government and created a strong military force. -
Safavid Decline
One cause of the decline was pressure from the Ottoman armies. Sunni Afghans rebelled and captured Isfahan and forced the last Safavid ruler to end in 1722. -
Muslims enter the area north of Arabia
This area was known as "Sham", including Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Iraq. -
The reign of caliph Harun al-Rashid
Harun al-Rashid began his reign in 786. Although, he ruled until 809 C.E. For centuries, he was admired as a model ruler. He was seen as a symbol of wealth and splendor. -
Abbassid Control over the Arab Empire
In Spain and Egypt, independent dynasties ruled separate Muslim states. The caliph's power faded and civil wars erupted. The Shiite rulers took over parts of the empire.
