-
Muhammad was born in 570 C.E. into a poor clan and was orphaned at a young age and raised by his grandparents. When Muhammad was an adult he was a honest and successful merchant. Muhammad marrried a wealthy widow and they started a family.
-
-
In 610 C.E., Muhammad was visited by the angle Gabriel. He told Muhammad that he was a phrophet sent to Earth by God to rely a message. After his visit by the angle Gabriel, Muhammad began to preach a new monotheistic faith called Islam.
-
In 622 C.E., Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina. This migration was known as the Hijrah. While in Medina, Muhammad gained new converts who put Islam above their families and clans. Muhammad also thought respect for Christians and Jews.
-
In 630 C.E., Muhammad returns to Mecca with a large number of his followers. He entered the city very peacefully and eventually all the citizens living in Mecca accepted Islam. Muhammad also went to the Kaaba and destroyed all the staues of the gods and godesses except for the god Allah (the god that Islam Worships).
-
In 633 C.E., Muhhamad dies. Muhammad died of a prolonged illness. After his death the Muslim community had to elect a religous leader. The community elected Muhammad's father in law and close associate. His name was Abu Bakr and was now the caliph or sucessor.
-
In 641 C.E., Muslims enter Egypt. They also rout the Byzantine army. This conquest was know as the liberation of subjugated people. It was called this people most people were under opressive rule.
-
In 655 C.E., Islam begins to spread. The first area that Islam spread was throughout North Africa.
-
In 661 C.E., Imam Ali was killed. He was the fourth caliph. He was assassinated in astruggle for leadership. The death of Imam Ali brought an end to the rule of the four "righteous caliphs". The four caliphs were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. Also in 661 the Umayyad rule began.
-
In 711 C.E., the Muslims enter Spain in the west. They also enter India in the east. While entering Spain they also pushed north into France. Eventually the entire Iberian Peninsula was under Islamic control.
(Muslims in India) -
In 732 C.E., the Muslims were defeated by Charles Martel at Potiers in France. This battle was called the battle of Tours. When the Muslims advanced into western Europe they were halted.
-
In 750 C.E., the Abbasids take over the rule of the Umayyads. Due to this take over the seat of power was shifted to Baghdad.
-
In 1000 C.E., Muslim Turks and Afghans pushed into India. At first they were adventures like Mahmud.
(Muslims in India) -
In 1095 C.E., as the Seljuks pushed into Asia Minor they threatened the Byzantine Empire. It is said that the Seljuks interference with Christian pilgrims traveling to Jerusalem was led by Pope Urban II to call for the first crusade.
-
In 1099 C.E., after a bloody and long seige Christian cusaders captured Jerusalem. The city was passed back and fourth between Muslims and Christians for 150 years.
-
In the 1100s C.E., the sultan of Ghur defeated the Hindu armies across the northern plain. Delhi was made into the capital. Then his sucessors created a sultanate. The sultanate lasted from 1206-1526 which marked the start of Muslim rule in India.
(Muslims in India) -
In 1120 C.E., Islam continues to rapidly spread throughout Asia. Also Malaysian traders interacted with Muslims. The Muslims then taught them about Islam.
-
In 1206 C.E., the Muslim rule in India began by the defeat of Hindu armies in the northern plains.
(Muslims in India) -
In 1299 C.E., the earliest Ottoman state was formed. This state was formed in Anatolia, Turkey.
-
In the 1300s C.E., Muslims expanded across Asia Minor. they also expanded across southeastern Europe. The muslims established a capital in the Balkan Peninsula.
(Ottoman) -
In 1398 C.E., Tamerlane invaded India. He smashed into Delhi and plundered the northern plain. There were thousands of artisans enslaved to build Tamerlanes capital, Samarkand. Delhi slowly recovered but the sultans did not control a large empire anymore because northern India fragmented into rival Hindu and Muslim states.
(Muslims in India) -
In 1453 C.E., the Ottoman Empire conquered the Byzantine seat of Constantinople. The Ottomans change the name from Constantinople to Istanbul.
(Ottoman) -
In the 1500s C.E., the Safavid dynasty had united a strong empire in Persia, present day Iraq. The Safavids were Shiite Muslims.
(Safavid) -
In 1520 C.E., the Ottoman empires golden age began. This golden age started in 1520 under the sultan Suleiman. Suleiman reigned from 1520-1566. Suleiman was given the name Suleiman the Magnificent because he was a brilliant general and conquered new land. Most importantly the Ottoman empire enjoyed a golden age under his rule.
(Ottoman) -
In 1526 C.E., Turkish and Mongols yet again invaded India through mountain passes. Babur claimed descent from Genghiz Khan and Tamerlane.
(Muslims in India) -
In 1529 C.E., Suleimans armies besieged Vienna. Vienna is a city in Austria. This action send waves of fear through western Europe.
(Ottoman) -
In 1556 C.E., Akbar, Baburs grandson created a strong central government in India. During the Mughal empire Akbar reigned from 1556-1605. Akbar was the cheif builder of the Mughal empire and created a strong central government and he earned the title Akbar the Great.
(Muslims in India) -
From 1588-1629 C.E., Abbas the Great revived the glory of Ancient Persia. He also centralized the government and created a powerful army force.
(Safavid) -
In the 1700s C.E., a new dynasty the Qajars dynasty won control over Iran. Their capital was called Tehran and they ruled until 1925.
(Ottoman) -
In 1722 C.E., Sunni Afghans defeated imperial armies, captured Isfahan, and forced Safavid ruler to abdicate. This was the decline of the Safavid.
(Safavid) -
In 1857 C.E., was the end of the Mughal empire. The Mughal empire lasted from 1526-1857. The greatest ruler during this empire was Akbar the Great.
(Muslims in India) -
Between 786-809 C.E., The city of Baghdad reached its peak. This was under the reign of caliph Harun al-Rashid. his rule lasted between 786-809.
-
In 638 C.E., the Muslims enter many areas north of Arabia. These areas are known as "Sham". Some places in the area are Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, and Iraq.
