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The reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. Ottoman Empire reaches its Zenith. Ottoman now rules Hungary, Tunisia and the coastlands of Algeria.
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Aragon and Castile capture Granada. All Jews and Muslims are expelled from Spain.
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The capital of the Ottoman Empire moved from Bursa to Adrianople. The Balkans are controlled by Ottomans.
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The Mongol Chief , Helagu, sacks Bahgdad, killing the last Abissid Caliph and massacring the population.
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The Crusaders Invade Egypt. After taking Dementia, they head for Cairo but the Sultan Al-Kamil, repels them.
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The year of Islamic Victory. E Saladin destroys the Crusaders at Hitten near Lake Tiberias. He reconquers the greater parts of the Crusade territories and Jerusalem. The Crusaders now only hold Tipoli, Tyre and Antioch.
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Raymond of Toulouse disagrees with Bohemund about the future course of action and leads most of the Crusaders to Jerusalem. The battle of Ascalon took place and was very short.
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The council of Clermont is opened by Pope Urban II where the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Corneius, asks help against the muslims.
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Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad. Abbasids are only nominal rulers
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The Fatimids' of Egypt conquered North Africa. They included the territory as an extension of Egypt until 1972.
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Theological controversy whether the Qu´ran is eternal or not. Translation of texts from Greek to Arabic in Baghdad.
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While the Rashadan Caliphs were based at Mecca and Medina, the Umayyads moved the seat of power over to Damascus. The Abbasids built a new capital, Baghdad, on the main routes of between Iraq , Iran and Syria.
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Fought between the Franks and the Islamic army. This event halted the Islamic conquest. Emir Abd er Rahman, the Islamic leader, died while the leader of the Franks, Charles Martel survived and won the battle.
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AN oppressed Christian chef, Julien, traveled to Musa ibn Nusair, the governor of North America, to ask for help against Roderick, the ruler of Spain. Musa then sent the general Tariq bin Ziyad with an army of 7000 troops.
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The Muslim empire expands and is lead by, ´´Rightly guided Caliphs¨. They then begin to conquer areas under the rule of Western rulers. The initial response was to reject Hellenistic Culture, as that of the inferior, vanquished enemy.
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After Muhammad died in 632 BCE, some of the tribes believed that all of the work for Muslims was actually for Muhammad. To make things worse, Muhammad didn't say who would command the Muslims after his death. Eventually, they chose Abu Bakr as the leader, the first Caliph. Abu Bakr took military action on the communities that wanted to break away. The ridda wars consolidated Arabia into a Muslim countryin two years.
