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In 610 AD Muhammad was approached by Archangel Gabriel, who told him the words of Allah and these words became the Koran. The words of Allah that were relayed to Muhammad changed the world religiously and physically.
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Throughout this time span Muhammad spread the word that was relayed from Allah to an Archangel Garbriel and he told Muhammad. The spreading of these words were relatively peaceful. The words were spread by military conquests and nomds peacefully on their trading routes.
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Muhammad preached to the people of only being allowed to have one god. Prior to this they have been polytheistic and the thought of having to change all of that was outrageous for the believers. Muhammad in Mecca was prosecuted many times and he and his little number of followers fled to Medina.
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In 630 AD Mecca was conquered by the Muslims and they cleared the Ka'bah, a sacred shrine where worship was held of Allah and the other gods.
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Muhammad in 630 returns back to Mecca with a large group of followers. He enters Mecca and the people begin to accept Islam and the monotheistic religion.
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Muhammad's death created problems for his followers because they became uncertain for the future of theuir religion and for who would become leader.
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Because of Muhammads death Abu Bakr his father-in-law became the first caliph and leader of Islam.
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After Muhammad dies Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali ruled and these rulers were know as the Righteous Caliphs.
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After the death of Abu Bakr Umar, Umar became the second caliph of Islam. During his power, there is an huge military expansion to the Islamic empire.
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After Umar is assasinated by a Persian Slave, Uthman becomes the third caliph of Islam
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Qur'an is transmitted into one compilation of all the oral stories told.
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After Uthman is assasinated, Ali who is Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law becomes the fourth caliph
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After Imam Ali died this brought the end of the 4 Righteous Caliphs: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. And began the Umayyad Rule.
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The Umayyads rule came after the Righteous Caliphs, ruled at the capital of Demascus, and the Empire still expanded by military conquests.
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The family of the Abbasid's, they established Baghdad as their capital after they overthrew the Umayyads. Their first caliphate was Abu al-'Abbas as-Saffah, the Abbasids ruled for over 5 centuries and brought Islam to the peak of their empire.
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"Timeline of Islam." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 03 Apr. 2014. "Timeline of Islam." - ReligionFacts. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2014. Faithology, The. "Islam Timeline." Faithology.com. Faithology, 31 May 2013. Web. 3 April 2014. Duiker, William J., and Jackson J. Spielvogel. The Essential World History. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.
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In 691, Jerusalem built the Dome of the Rock, perhaps Islams and Jerusalems most well know monument, and is also the oldest Islamic monuments
