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Privateering and Barbarossa
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Autobiography of Babur, purged the Turkish language of as many Turkish words as possible. Does not have the scale of an Empire, but it will rise with Akbar.
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Conquered India and Afghanistan in 1526, distant descendant of Genghis Khan. Alive 1483-1530
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Mughal Empire will span Northern India, Pakistan, South Asia
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Holy League of Spain defeated the Ottomans' naval forces in western Greece, ending their naval power
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Not 100% private, related to British royalty. Forces British to trade between this company. Certain amounts of earning percentages go to royalty. Collects spices, precious metals and textiles. Portuguese came to India first, Britain took power.
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Most militant of the Mughal rulers, did not tolerate other religions except Islam, made reliance on local Hindu dynasties more important
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Ottoman officer, from Kavala (Modern Macedonia), Muslim of Albanian origins, mixed of the Balkans. Convinces Ottomans to appoint him governor of Egypt in 1805.
Ottomans did not let him become governor of Syria, so he created his own army.
Ottomans were very weak at the time, modernization is important. -
Sultan of Ottoman Empire 1789-1807. Introduced military and educational reforms that were Westernized into the Empire. Established Embassies in Britain, France, Prussia, and Austria.
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Time span of Selim III's new westernized reforms of the Ottoman Empire.
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Iranian royal dynasty of Turkish origin. Made many economic ties with Russia (Caspian Sea), traded weapons with other European powers.
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Ottoman Grand Vizier who greatly assisted in the Tanzimat.
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Marines capture Tripoli. This is the first time a United States power has conflicted with a Muslim nation.
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Dissolved the Janissaries from the Ottoman military structure. This was the Auspicious event. Adopted cabinet government structure and introduced compulsory primary education.
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Sultan Mahmud II forced the Janissary army to disband in June 1826 by a massacre in a military siege. Mahmud was creating a new army made of European military men.
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22 June 1834, France annexes certain parts of Algeria
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Ottoman reform, changed Empire from theocratic principles to modern state practices. This included a new education system, reorganizing the army, and introducing new codes of criminal and commercial laws. Independent from the Ulama
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Rise of nationalist movements in empirical territories, failed to integrate non-Muslims and non-Turks. Announced and applied (initiated) the Tanzimat originally prepared by his father, Mahmud II.
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Khedive of Egypt and Conqueror of Sudan from 1863 to 1879. Brings western style courts of law to Egypt for commercial issues, Sharia law still in place for family issues. In power while the Suez Canal was built.
Grandson of Muhammad Ali and ruled Egypt. -
Created constitutions for Ottomans. Final incarnation of religious equality. Millet system ends.
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Last ruling Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Killed hundreds of thousands of Armenians and Assyrians to attempt to silence the Young Turks movement against the Tazimat.
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Nationalism in Egypt led by army officer Ahmed Urabi.
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First president of Turkey. Introduced political and cultural forms like the Latin-Turkish alphabet, gave Turkish women equal rights, instated nationalism, and reinvented Islamic law to civil legal codes.
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Abdulhamid II brother put in symbolic figurehead "power"
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Syrian philosopher and sociologist. Created the Ba'ath Party, helped turn Syria into a dictatorship.
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If you got in trouble with the Italian forces after this, you would flee to Algeria as a refugee
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Treaty of Lausanne recognizes borders for modern state of Turkey. War was response to Young Turks
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After Triumvirate Enver Pasha, Talat Pasha, and Jamal Pasha were killed by Russians
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Won war against Ottomans, Albania independent. Ottomans enter war, siding with Germans
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Southern Turkish to northern Saudi territory divided among Russia, France, and Britain. Private treaty meant to protect Arab states.
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Mandates
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Last ruling Iranian Dynasty. Heavily influenced by Christian Arabs.
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Britain, France, and Israel push back against Egypt's power because President Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal.
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Britain, France, and Israel push back against Egypt's power because President Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal.
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Political union between Egypt and Syria, sovereign state in the Middle East and North Africa. Conflicted with Zionism (Jewish Nationalism)
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Iraq & Iran become allies when America tries to invade