HST 352 Timeline

  • 1517

    Ottomans capture Egypt and Syria

    Privateering and Barbarossa
  • 1517

    Ottomans threaten Habsburgs to Expand Power West

  • 1526

    Baburnama

    Autobiography of Babur, purged the Turkish language of as many Turkish words as possible. Does not have the scale of an Empire, but it will rise with Akbar.
  • 1526

    Babur

    Conquered India and Afghanistan in 1526, distant descendant of Genghis Khan. Alive 1483-1530
  • 1542

    Akbar - Mughal Ruler in Delhi

    Mughal Empire will span Northern India, Pakistan, South Asia
  • Oct 7, 1571

    Battle of Lepanto

    Holy League of Spain defeated the Ottomans' naval forces in western Greece, ending their naval power
  • British East India Company

    Not 100% private, related to British royalty. Forces British to trade between this company. Certain amounts of earning percentages go to royalty. Collects spices, precious metals and textiles. Portuguese came to India first, Britain took power.
  • Aurangzeb

    Most militant of the Mughal rulers, did not tolerate other religions except Islam, made reliance on local Hindu dynasties more important
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    Mehmed Mohammad Ali

    Ottoman officer, from Kavala (Modern Macedonia), Muslim of Albanian origins, mixed of the Balkans. Convinces Ottomans to appoint him governor of Egypt in 1805.
    Ottomans did not let him become governor of Syria, so he created his own army.
    Ottomans were very weak at the time, modernization is important.
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    Selim III

    Sultan of Ottoman Empire 1789-1807. Introduced military and educational reforms that were Westernized into the Empire. Established Embassies in Britain, France, Prussia, and Austria.
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    Nizam-i Jedid (New Order)

    Time span of Selim III's new westernized reforms of the Ottoman Empire.
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    Qajar Dynasty

    Iranian royal dynasty of Turkish origin. Made many economic ties with Russia (Caspian Sea), traded weapons with other European powers.
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    Rashid Pasha

    Ottoman Grand Vizier who greatly assisted in the Tanzimat.
  • First Barbary War

    Marines capture Tripoli. This is the first time a United States power has conflicted with a Muslim nation.
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    Mahmud II

    Dissolved the Janissaries from the Ottoman military structure. This was the Auspicious event. Adopted cabinet government structure and introduced compulsory primary education.
  • Auspicious Incident

    Sultan Mahmud II forced the Janissary army to disband in June 1826 by a massacre in a military siege. Mahmud was creating a new army made of European military men.
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    French conquest of Algeria

    22 June 1834, France annexes certain parts of Algeria
  • Greece becomes independent from Ottomans

  • Period: to

    Tanzimat

    Ottoman reform, changed Empire from theocratic principles to modern state practices. This included a new education system, reorganizing the army, and introducing new codes of criminal and commercial laws. Independent from the Ulama
  • Period: to

    Abdulmecit / Abd al-Majid

    Rise of nationalist movements in empirical territories, failed to integrate non-Muslims and non-Turks. Announced and applied (initiated) the Tanzimat originally prepared by his father, Mahmud II.
  • Isma'il Pasha

    Khedive of Egypt and Conqueror of Sudan from 1863 to 1879. Brings western style courts of law to Egypt for commercial issues, Sharia law still in place for family issues. In power while the Suez Canal was built.
    Grandson of Muhammad Ali and ruled Egypt.
  • Abdulhamid II

    Created constitutions for Ottomans. Final incarnation of religious equality. Millet system ends.
  • Period: to

    Abdul Hamid II

    Last ruling Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Killed hundreds of thousands of Armenians and Assyrians to attempt to silence the Young Turks movement against the Tazimat.
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    Urabi Revolts

    Nationalism in Egypt led by army officer Ahmed Urabi.
  • Period: to

    Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

    First president of Turkey. Introduced political and cultural forms like the Latin-Turkish alphabet, gave Turkish women equal rights, instated nationalism, and reinvented Islamic law to civil legal codes.
  • Abdulhamid II sent into exile after sent to battle the year before

    Abdulhamid II brother put in symbolic figurehead "power"
  • Period: to

    Michel Aflaq

    Syrian philosopher and sociologist. Created the Ba'ath Party, helped turn Syria into a dictatorship.
  • Italians invade Tripoli

    If you got in trouble with the Italian forces after this, you would flee to Algeria as a refugee
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    First Balkan War

    Treaty of Lausanne recognizes borders for modern state of Turkey. War was response to Young Turks
  • Ottoman government is most centralized ever

    After Triumvirate Enver Pasha, Talat Pasha, and Jamal Pasha were killed by Russians
  • 2nd Balkan War

    Won war against Ottomans, Albania independent. Ottomans enter war, siding with Germans
  • Sykes-Picot Agreement

    Southern Turkish to northern Saudi territory divided among Russia, France, and Britain. Private treaty meant to protect Arab states.
  • Syria becomes a British colony

    Mandates
  • Period: to

    Pahlavi Dynasty

    Last ruling Iranian Dynasty. Heavily influenced by Christian Arabs.
  • Jewish Agency establishes the state of Israel

  • 2nd Arab-Israeli War

    Britain, France, and Israel push back against Egypt's power because President Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal.
  • 2nd Arab-Israeli War

    Britain, France, and Israel push back against Egypt's power because President Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal.
  • Period: to

    United Arab Republic

    Political union between Egypt and Syria, sovereign state in the Middle East and North Africa. Conflicted with Zionism (Jewish Nationalism)
  • Ba'aths take over Syria

  • Christians demand respective political positions in Lebanese governments

  • Saddam Husain

    Iraq & Iran become allies when America tries to invade