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The first mosque of India, the Cheraman Juma Masjid, was built in 629 (during the life of Prophet Muhammad) in Kerala, by the first Muslim from India, Cheraman Perumal Bhaskara Ravi Varma.
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In late April 637, Jerusalem was officially surrendered to the caliph. After almost 500 years Jews were allowed to pray again in Jerusalem.
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Uthman ruled for twelve years. The first six years were marked by internal peace and tranquility, during the second half of his caliphate a rebellion started.
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Men from Egypt went to Uthman to have him dismiss an Egyptian Governor and Uthman pretended to do so. As the men were heading back they came across a slave that Uthman had sent caring orders to have the leaders executed and they turned around and went into the Mosque where Uthman was and stoned him till he was unconscious and then stabbed him to death. He was found dead with his copy of the Qur'an soaked in his blood.
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After the assassination of Uthman they go to Ali who refused so they asked two others who refused for Caliph as well. They only had a day left and people who were friends of Muhammad and others in Medina urged Ali to take it and he agreed.
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While Ali was praying in the Mosque a Kharijite named Abd-Al-Rahman struck him with his poisonous sword. He lived for two days until the poison killed him.
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When ʿAlī was assassinated in 661, Muʿāwiyah held both Syria and Egypt as commander of the largest force in the Muslim empire,he then had the strongest claim to the caliphate.
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The first great muslim dynasty to rule the Empire of Caliphate and also referred to as the Arab kingdom.
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The first great expansion of Islam into India came during the Umayyad Dynasty of caliphs, who were based in Damascus.
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In the east, Islamic armies made it as far as the Indus River in 712. Under Walid, the Caliphate stretched from the Iberian Peninsula to India.
