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Jan 1, 1000
Leif Ericson reaches North America
Cause: Eriksson sailed to Norway, where King Olaf I converted him to Christianity.
Effect: Eriksson sailed off course on his way back to Greenland and landed on the North American continent, where he explored a region he called Vinland.Leif sailed back to Greenland, and never returned to North American shores. He is known to be the very first European to reach the North American continent, nearly four centuries years before Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492. -
Oct 14, 1066
Battle of Hastings
Cause: William, Duke of Normandy launched his bloody and decisive invasion of Saxon, in at on thhe 14th of October 1066AD. He planning to take over England and take the crown. The soliders were from Northen France and they had 696 ships with 20,000 men.
Effect: After the effect William still had to conquer England. He marched from hastings. Willian crossing the Thames at Wallingford and then on towards London. At Berkhamsted, received the surrender of the city.Took hostages and became king. -
Jan 1, 1099
First Crusade
Cause: The Religious wars between Islam and Christianity lasting for two centuries. Roman Catholics and Muslims provided most of the combatants during the First Crusade. Christian pilgrims liked to travel to holy land which the Muslims owed at the time.
Effect: It proved the economy by rising the demand for the transportation of soldiers and their supplies. Ships became high demand and it increased ship building. The value of an education had decreased before the crusades began. -
Jan 1, 1145
Second Crusade
Cause: The Second Crusade was summond by the Pope to defeat the Muslims in 1145AD. It was led by Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany.
Effect: There was no communication between the two kings (Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany). While Conrad marched first to attack Iconium, the Seljuk Turks capital. The French stayed behind and attacked another target. -
Aug 27, 1147
Taira Kiyomori slays Minamoto Yoritomo
Cause: It was a major civil war that broke out. It continued for five years. Yoritomo established a military government that operated independently of the court, though in close co-operation, and was responsible for keeping law and order in the provinces.
Effect: Minamoto Yoritomo died from a serious illness. This was the beginning of a new chapter in Japanese history, dominated by a dual structure of rulership--by courtiers and warriors, each with its sphere of authority and power. -
Jan 1, 1189
The Third Crusade
Cause: Launched in 1189AD. It was called upon because Muslims recaptured of Jerusalem in 1187 and the defeat of Palestinian knights at Hittin.
Effect: It was an unsuccessful journey. Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany drowned before he even reached the Holy Land. Philip II Augustus of France returned home after a short time. The remaining Crusaders under Richard had reached almost up to the gates of Jerusalem but failed to do so. Richard signed a favourable treaty with the Sultan of Turkey. -
Jan 1, 1274
Mongol invasions of Japan
Cause: The Military tried to take over Japanese Islands after the submission of Goryeo. The invasion attempts are of macrohistorical importance because they set a limit on Mongol expansion and rank as nation-defining events in Japanese history.
Effect: The Goryeo Dynasty of Korea signed a treaty in favour of the Mongols and became a Mongolian vassal. Kublai was declared Great Khan of the Mongol Empire in 1260. Japan at the time was ruled by the Shikken (Shogunate Regents) of the Hōjō clan. -
Jan 1, 1346
Outbreak of Plague in Central Asia
Cause: In 1346 a strange worry of the plague reached eastern Asia and China. It seems to have elements both of bubonic plague (carried by fleas, particularly those which live on rats). This lethal infection made its way to westwards through Asia during 1347.
Effect: Cities in central Asian like Talas and Uzbekistan suffered the outbreak of the plague. Most cities in Asian lost 40% of their population. Some cities lost 70% of their population. -
Jan 1, 1348
Recurrence of the Plague
Cause: The cause was infected rats. Then bugs came across and bit the rats and took their bacteria and the disease and look for the closest host such as a mammal, human or another rat.
Effect: The disease spread across England in 1348-49. Travelled across the south in bubonic form during the summer months of 1348. It hit London in September 1348, and spread into East Anglia all along the coast early during the New Year. In Spring 1349, it was destroying Wales and the Midlands. -
Jan 1, 1349
Plague in Scotland
Cause: The bubonic plague reached Scotland in 1349-50 AD. The bubonic plague is transmitted by infected fleas on rodents, particularly rats. When humans got bitten by fleas from the rats, they caught the disease.
Effect: There was a 70 per cent likelihood of death in Scotland. Pneumonic plague was even more deadly - with a 99.9 per cent death rate. Two third of Scotland’s population wiped out in 1349. -
Jan 1, 1350
Persecution of the Jews
Cause: Judgment against Jewish people was extremely rooted in medieval times. In the fourth century, the church had banned from the Christian society.
Effect: Many trades and jobs were not allowed for the Jews such as weaving, tailoring and gold smithing. Jews had to wear a badge to show that they were Jews to single them out. -
Jan 1, 1376
Aztecs choose their first Emperor
Cause: The Aztecs needed an emperor to rule the kingdom. Aztecs would choose their new leader when the old one seemed close to death. A council of four (who advised the Emperor) and other nobles, helped to choose the new leader. Women could never be leaders.
Effect: The emperors stood forth and took over cities and weapons. -
Jan 1, 1438
Inca military expansion
Cause: They were under the rule of the Sapa Inca, who was the head of the army.
Effect: There could be as many as 100,000 men in the army at a time. They were well organized in battle and they waged war mainly to take prisoners for human sacrifice. Their goals of war were to kill the enemy soldiers and to conquer their lands. -
Feb 2, 1536
Toyotomi Hideyoshi conquers all of Japan
Cause: Hideyoshi commanded troops at the Battle of Anegawa in 1570 and was active in Nobunaga's campaigns against the Asai and Asakura.
Effect: In the 1573 Nobunaga destroyed the Asai clan of Omi and assigned Hideyoshi three districts in the northern part of that province. Initially based at Odani, the former Asai headquarters, Hideyoshi soon moved to Imahama, a port on Lake Biwa. -
Jan 1, 1551
Ottoman Empire Expansion into African continent
Cause: The ottomans wanted to go and find more than to expand on their strong empire and to find slaves to help make their empire even bigger.
Effect: European explorers and worldwide traders turned to Africa as a source of slavery. The trade in Africans across the Atlantic was the largest and most terrible experience of forced human migration the world has ever known. -
Jun 28, 1575
The Battle of Nagashino
Cause: It took place in 1575. The forces of Takeda Katsuyori clashed with the allied forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu on the Shitaragahara plain near Nagashino Castle, located in central Japan. Takeda Katsuyori was the son of the late great general Takeda Shingen and wanted to make a name for himself.
Effect: Oda a group of men was able to mow down thousands of Takeda men. He crushed the Takeda attack and relieved Nagashino Castle. Most of the Takeda generals present were killed. -
The Great Plague of London
Cause: The cause was a disease called the pandemic that broke out across England.
Effect: The death rate reached 8,000 people per week. The Great Plague killed between 75,000 and 100,000 of London’s people. The population dropped rapidly after staying at 460,000 people. The plague was brought under control after The Great Fire of London burned down most of the infected areas. -
Commodore Matthew Perry arrives in Japan
Cause: Matthew Perry was part of the Navy Seal and promoted to First Lieutenant Perry of the Cyane. The Navy Seals used Japan as a “coaling base” or a base where steamship, which used coal. The Americas needed to restore there coal supply. Japan was a perfect location for this because it was at almost the same latitude as San Francisco.
Effect:Commodore Matthew Perry made demand to the Japanese. The Japanese rejected his demands and he left and had to negotiate somewhere else. -
Vikings swept down on Western Europe.
Effect: In the late 8th century Vikings went to attack Western Europe. The Vikings attacked from sea ships which was perfect for raiding into other peoples land.
Cause: One theory about the cause of the expansion was a rapid popluation growth, which was not sustainable for the Scandinavian landscape. Lack of food and land and the expanding popluation led the Vikings to seek a sustainable life elsewhere. Leading to raids for expansion purposes. -
Iceland settled by Norwegians
Cause: The first people to settle in Iceland were probably Irish monks who came in the 8th century. However in the 9th century they were driven out by Vikings. The first Viking in 870AD to discover Iceland was a man named Naddoddur who got lost while on his way to the Faeroes.
Effect: Then from 874 many settlers came to Iceland from Norway and the Viking colonies in the British Isles. A Norwegian named Ingolfur Arnarson led them. He sailed with his family, slaves and animals.
