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In approximately 610 CE, Muhammad had claimed to have received his first revelations from God. Soon after, he began to preach them to the public in Mecca.
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In June of 632 CE, Muhammad died at war and Abu Bakr was named the first caliph of the Islamic state.
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In approximately 650 CE, Caliph Uthman had Muhammad's revelations written down as one standardized manuscript, the Quran.
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In c. 732, the Muslim empire reached its largest extent and covered more than 5,000,000 square miles making it the fifth largest contiguous empire in history.
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After the Abbasids took over Muslim rule from the Umayyads, the new caliph, Abu l'Abbas, moved the capital of the empire to Baghdad in c. 754.
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In approximately 1099 CE, Christian crusaders from Europe conquered Jerusalem from the Muslims. However, the Muslims would eventually regain control of this holy land.
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On March 4, 1193, Muslim leader, Saladin, died of a fever. However, before his death, he managed to help the Muslims regain many of the states they once lost to the Crusaders.
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On February 10, 1258, the Mongols captured Baghdad from the Muslims. The city was then looted and the caliph, Al-Musta'sim, was killed. This ended the Abbasid caliphate.
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On May 29, 1453, Mehmet Fatih, sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Muslim), conquered Constantinople from the Byzantines (Christians) and united the two split halves of his empire.
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On c. October 13, 680, Caliph Husayn was killed in Karbala sparking the rise of the Shia denomination.
