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Disease were caused by supernatural evil spirits
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Ceremonies to exorcise evil spirits, trephining to remove part of the cranium
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Digitalis is used to treat congestive heart failure
Quinine is used to treat malaria
Belladonna is used for stoping bronchial spasms in asthma and whooping cough
Atropine is used for dilate pupils
Morphine is used for pain -
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They were the earliest to keep accurate medical records
The priests acted at the physicians
They used medicine, splinting, bloodletting, and leeches to heal disease -
The were the the first to use primitive acupuncture using stone tools
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The Greeks were the ones to find out that illness was caused but nature and not the super natural
Dissection was not allowed due to ancient religion
Hippocrates is know as the father of medicine and also wrote the slandered of ethics called The Oath of Hippocrates -
Romans were the first to have organized health care. They would send medical equipment to physicians with their armies.
Physicians would have room for ill patients in their homes, this was the beginning of hospitals.
The physicians wore death masks filled with spices that the romans thought protected from infection and bad odor. -
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When the Huns concord the Roman Empire the study of medicine was stoped for 1,000 years because they thought life and death was in the hands of God.
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The primary treatment was prayer
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The bubonic plague or Black Death killed 60 million people.
Other diseases that caused a lot of death included smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis. -
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The Renaissance saw the building of universities and medical schools
The idea of dissection was being accepted
With the development of the printing press books could be published allowing greater access to knowledge for research -
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Leonardo da Vinci studied and recorded the anatomy of the body.
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He discovered the Fallopian tubes of the female body.
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Bartolommeo Eustachio Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat
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William Harvey was able to describe the circulation of the body and the pumping of the heart.
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Antonie invented microscope and discovered the bacteria the causes tooth decay.
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Early pharmacy started engaging in flourishing trade of spices and drugs.
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Benjamin invented bifocals and he discovered that a cold can be passed from person to person
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Students began attending lectures in classrooms and laboratory’s, and also observed patients at bed sides. When patients died they would dissect them as a way of learning.
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Joseph discovered the element of oxygen.
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Edward discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox, this led to immunization and preventive medicine in public healthcare.
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Rene Laennce invented the stethoscope.
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He discovered the cause of childbed fever. It was caused by physicians not washing their hand or changing aprons before delivering a baby. They would be dirty from surgery and infect the mother who would get sick and die.
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He discovered that microorganisms were everywhere at that they caused disease. He also created a vaccine for rabies.
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He was the first doctor to use antiseptics during surgery to prevent infection in the incision.
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Ernst developed asepsis after knowing from Lister’s and Pasteur’s research that germs cause disease. This was a way to keep the area germ-free before and during surgery.
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He isolated the the bacterium that cause tuberculosis. He developed the culture pant method to identify pathogens. Introduced cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of disease.
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He discovered the effect of medicine on disease. On his 606th try to find a chemical to treat syphilis he found a treatment that worked.
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He discovered the x-ray in 1895 and took the very first picture using x-rays of his wife’s hand. His discovery has allowed us to see the inside of the body.
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Before anesthesia was developed physicians would use herbs and alcohol to help with pain, some physicians would even choke patients to knock them out for the surgery. Once anesthesia was developed physicians were able to put patients to sleep safely and have them experience no pain during surgery.
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Sir Alexander discovered that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. His discovery of penicillin is considered one of the most important discoveries of the twentieth century.
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Freud discovered the conscious and unconscious mind. This led him to the understanding of psychosomatic illness. His studies became the basics of psychology and psychiatry.
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He discovered sulfonamide compounds. These were the first medications effective in killing bacteria.
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Salk discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. That virus paralyzed thousands of adults and children every year. The disease was feared and the discovery of the vaccine saved many people.
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Sabin tried using a live polio virus and found it to be more effective. His vaccine is used today to vaccine babies.
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The two discovered the molecular structure of DNA. Their model served to explain how DNA replicates and how hereditary information is coded on it. This the set the stage for rapid advances in molecular biology that continues to this day.
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He preformed the first successful heart transplant.
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He is a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and preforming hemispherectomies, a surgery on the brain to stop seizures.