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Before the Reformation began there were a few things that led up to this.
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This war was the most notable conflict in the middle ages. It was between the house of Plantagenets (England) and the house of Valois (France).This war was to determine who gets the throne for France.
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A epidemic that began in rodents that carried fleas began to spread in Asia and India around 1330's.It took about 15 years before it reached Europe and by that time it had killed about 25 million people.
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With the Renaissance and the rise of humanism the decline of the church was immanent.
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John Wycliffe apposed the the Roman Catholic priesthood during the 14th century. He is well known for translating the Vulgate into the Middle English bible now known as the Wycliffe's Bible. He also had a great following called the Lollards. The Lollard movement was marked as the precursor to the Protestant Reformation.
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Hus was one of the first reformers of the protestant reformation and was the best known representative of the Bohemian reformation.He denied Papal primacy. In his last day of life he voluntarily arrived to the Council of Constance to defend his teachings but being burned at stake in the process.
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In history the official date of when the reformation began was when Martin Luther nailed the 95 Theses to the Wittenberg Cathedral.
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The Leipzig debate 1519
Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther
Three books were written (Address to the German Nobility,
On Christian Freedom, On the Babylonian Captivity) -
This was an assembly of the Holy Roman Empire. Martin Luther was summoned by the emperor but Prince Fredrick iii the Elector of Saxony got an agreement to protect Luther to and from the meeting.
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There was a popular revolt by the German speaking European peasants and farmers. It lasted 2 years and it was a huge failure because they were so poorly armed. The casualties were about 100,000.
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This was a follow up to the first meeting that was held 1526 but three years later Lutheranism is officially outlawed. But not without a backlash. The Lutheran Princes protested (protestants).
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Zwingli was a protestant reformer and The Swiss Guard at the Vatican. He was the leader of the Reformation of Switzerland. He rejected all sacraments and was married. He died in the Battle of Kappel in 1531.
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Charles grants concessions to the Lutheran Princes.
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Pope Paul III re institutes the Inquisition and then the Council of Trent (1545-1563) was held. In 1540 Pope Paul recognizes the Jesuit Order and The Society of Jesus was formed.
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After the peasants revolt in 1525 there was religious tension. In 1532 through 1546 both sides began to arm themselves. The Protestant side forms the Schmalkaldic League. On the other side the Catholics formed the Catholic League. In 1546 Martin Luther dies and the war begins.
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Calvin was a French lawyer and theologian. He was also a civic reformer. He believed that the church should run the state also called Theocracy. He emphasized on Missionary Work.
