History

Henry, king of Portugal, founded the Navigation school.

1418

Prince Henry is remembered for important contributions to the destiny of exploration: he opened the first ocean navigation school, where students could learn skills that would help them on their journey down the west coast of the ocean.

The invention of Gutenberg,s printing press

1450

German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg is credited with the invention of the printing press. Although he was far from the first to automate the book printing process. Woodblock printing in China dates back to the 9th century and Korean bookmakers were printing with movable metal type a century before Gutenberg.

Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas

1494

The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in Tordesillas, and authenticated in Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire (Crown of Castile).

Ponce de Leon discovers Florida

Mar 3, 1513

Juan Ponce de León discovered Florida. During the expedition that led to it, which lasted seven months, the so-called Gulf Stream was also discovered.

Martin Luther begins the Reformation in Wittenberg

Oct 31, 1517

The Protestant Reformation began in Wittenberg, Germany when Martin Luther, a teacher and monk, published a document he called the Dispute over the Power of Indulgences. The document was a series of 95 ideas about Christianity that he invited to debate with him.

Martin Luther posts the 95 Theses

Oct 31, 1517

Legend has it that the priest and scholar Martin Luther approached the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, and nailed to it a paper containing the 95 revolutionary opinions that would start the Reformation. Protestant.

Cortes conquered Aztec Empire

1521

Cortes conquered the Aztec empire, which was one of the largest in America.

Pope excommunicated Luther

Jan 3, 1521

On January 3, 1521, Pope Leo X issues the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem, which excommunicates Martin Luther from the Catholic Church.

English king, Henry VIII starts the Church of England

1531

Henry had broken with Rome, seized the assets of the Catholic Church in England and Wales, and declared the Church of England the established church with himself as its head. Pope Paul III excommunicated Henry for his divorce from Catherine of Aragon.

Pizarro conquers Inca Empire

Nov 16, 1532

The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, also known as the Conquest of Peru, was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

Henry VIII seeks to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon

May 23, 1533

Driven by lust, Henry sought to seek an annulment from his first wife Catherine, who was now in her 40s and past the age of bearing children, so that he could marry Anne. But Pope Clement VII refused to give the required dispensations for King Henry to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.

Parliament approves the formation of the English Church (Act of Supremacy)

1534

In 1534, Parliament passed the Supremacy Act defining Henry VIII's right to be the supreme head in the land of the Church of England, thus severing ecclesiastical ties with Rome.

Ignatius Loyola founds the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

1534

The Jesuit movement was founded by Ignatius de Loyola, a Spanish soldier turned priest, in August 1534. The first Jesuits–Ignatius and six of his students–took vows of poverty and chastity and made plans to work for the conversion of Muslims.

John Calvin publishes the Institutes of the Christian Religion

1536

Institutes of the Christian Religion (Latin: Institutio Christianae Religionis) is John Calvin's seminal work of systematic theology.

Coronado discovers Arizona, Texas, Kansas and New Mexico

1541

Finding no wealth in Cibola or the surroundings, Coronado moved his army east to the pueblos around Albuquerque, on the Rio Grande River, in September 1540. They spent the winter there. In these pueblos, Coronado heard stories of an another wealthy trade center, Quivira, to the northeast. In April 1541, the entire army marched east to the Texas panhandle, and in May Coronado and thirty horsemen rode north to Quivira, which was located in Kansas.

Council of Trento mandates reforms in Catholic Church

1545

The Council of Trent was the formal Roman Catholic response to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestant Reformation. He served to define Catholic doctrine and made radical decrees on self-reform, helping to revitalize the Roman Catholic Church in the face of Protestant expansion.

Pope Paul III begins the Council of Trent

1545

Pope Paul III called the Council of Trent in 1545 to reform the Catholic Church and find a way to heal the divide between the Catholics and Protestants brought on by the Protestant Reformation.

Peace of Augsburg recognizes the Lutheran Church

Sep 25, 1555

Peace of Augsburg, first permanent legal basis for the coexistence of Lutheranism and Catholicism in Germany, promulgated on September 25, 1555, by the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire assembled earlier that year at Augsburg.