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The first kingdom of Tartesos
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Is an ancient port city in southwestern Spain, built on a strip of land surrounded by sea in the region of Andalusia
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From the Battle of Alalia in which Etruscans and Carthaginians allied themselves against the Greeks there are no more written references.
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It is known as the Roman conquest of Hispania to the historical period between the Roman landing in Ampurias and the conclusion of the Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the Cantabrian Wars by Cesar Augusto
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Was the period in the history of the Roman Empire in which it was divided into three separate political entities.
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The First Punic War was the first of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two major powers of the western Mediterranean.
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On February 27, 380, Christianity became the exclusive religion of the Roman Empire by a decree of Emperor Theodosius.
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Germanic invasions in the Iberian Peninsula altered the distribution of peoples in Europe and precipitated the end of the Western Roman Empire.
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Overthrow of the last emperor of Rome (September 4, 476)
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Unification religious and juridical -
The entry of the Muslims into the peninsula occurred on April 27, 711, with the landing in Gibraltar of Táriq leading an army of 9000 men.
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After the victory of Don Pelayo in the battle of Covadonga over the Muslims, the Kingdom of Asturias was formed.
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In his defeat in Covadonga finish the Muslim expansion
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Period of the history of the Iberian Peninsula of approximately 780 years between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada
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Proclaimed by Abderramán III in 929
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It resulted in the victory of the Christian troops and is considered one of the most important battles of the Reconquest
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The Wise King Alfonso X founded in Toledo this School of translators focused mainly on pouring medical and scientific astronomical texts.
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Created by Alfonso X was in charge of giving rights to pastoralists
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Enrique IV proclaim to Isabel II the Asturias princess
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After the death of Enrique IV in Madrid
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Fernando inherits Aragon by the die of Juan II
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The war end with the Alcaçovas treaty
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Its last king was Muhammad XII (known as Boabdil the Younger), overthrown by the Catholic Monarchs, who was forced to surrender Granada on 2 January 1492.
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Cristpher Colombus arrived to América by mistake
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The conflict finished with the Tordesillas treaty
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Concluded with conquest of Tenerife
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Divided the Napoles kingdom between France and Spain
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The invasion end with the surrender of Pamplona
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Appear tp fight by the laws of indigenous
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Carlos I came to spain as the new king
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Caused Germany to be divided from the religious point of view and broke the unity of the empire
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Starring artisans and popular classes against the power of the aristocracy
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Was the first round the world
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A government was demanded that listened to the kingdom and positions occupied by Castilians
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The conquest of Mexico was carried out by Hernan Cortes who defeated the Aztecs in Otumba
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Carried out by Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro
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Stronger rules to fight for the rights of indigenous people
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The invencible navy was defeated by the english
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Because of the pragmatics against their customs and ways of life
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Philip inherited the crown
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It has due to their customs and demographic growth
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Peace policity with France England and Holland
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He left the reign un the hands of the Count-Duke de Olivares
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In internal politics, the most notable event was Olivares' attempt to carry out a process of unification and centralisation of the different territories of Spain. -
He will be the last king of the House of Austria in Spain. -
In 1700, the last monarch of the House of Austria, Charles II, died without of Austria, Charles II, died without descendants.
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Charles II's will designated as successor to the Bourbon candidate, who was proclaimed king under the name of Philip V, and was sworn in before the Cortes in 1701. This marked the end of the Habsburg dynasty and the arrival of the Bourbon dynasty on the Spanish throne. This appointment provoked a serious conflict in the balance of power between the European powers.
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The victory allowed the Bourbons to recover Valencia. -
Philip V established a new model of territorial administration -
The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. -
This reign is linked to the work of his minister, the Marquis de la Ensenada.
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Through it, the Crown obtained the appointment
of all the important ecclesiastical offices of the Church in Spain. -
On the death of Ferdinand VI, he was succeeded by Charles III
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Britain had been defeating France. Spain, however, decided to join it by signing the Third Family Pact with France (1761).
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The people of Madrid revolted against the minister and his decrees -
France and Spain intervened on behalf of the colonists.
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Entrusted power to a young military man, Manuel Godoy
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In which the Franco-Spanish navy was destroyed. -
The mutiny, with popular participation, but led by the palace nobility and the clergy, was aimed at the removal of Godoy and the abdication of Charles IV to his son Ferdinand. -
Charles IV and Ferdinand VII were summoned by Napoleon to Bayonne.In the first days of May 1808, Ferdinand would once again cede the crown to his father Ferdinand once again ceded the crown to his father, who placed it in Napoleon's hands. Legitimised by the abdications, Napoleon named his brother Joseph king of Spain. -
People rose up against the French invasion
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This Constitution, the first in the history of Spain drawn up by a
constituent Cortes, summarises the legislative work of the Cortes and establishes the ideas and language of Spanish liberalism. -
Napoleon, on the verge of defeat and unable to hold the two fronts, decided to agree to end the conflict with the Spaniards. -
During his regency Cea Bermudez, Martinez de la Rosa, Isturiz, Mendizabal and Calatrava ruled and a new Constitution was promulgated in 1837 with the intention of being a common ground for progressives and moderates.
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In the last years of Ferdinand VII's life, in October 1830, Isabella of Bourbon was born. Carlos Ma Isidro, the king's brother and until then his successor, saw his path to the throne closed and did not accept it.
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Juan Álvarez de Mendizábal, re-established the decrees of the Trienio on the suppression of entailed estates,
suppressed the religious orders, except those dedicated to teaching and health care, expropriated their assets, converting them into national state property and then put them up for sale at public auction,He expropriated their assets, converting them into national state property, and then put them up for sale at public auction. -
The progressive liberal general Espartero, who had been victorious in the Carlist War, occupies the Regency. He governed in an authoritarian manner, increasingly isolating himself from the progressive milieu and part of the army.
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Throughout the reign of Isabella II, the political development of the country was determined by the balance of the three major forces that accepted the constitutional monarchy: the political parties (moderate and progressive), the Crown and the army.
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Legislative work focused on the Constitution of 1845, the concordat of 1851 and the centralist reorganisation of territorial, judicial and fiscal administration.
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In 1854, a military pronunciamiento in Vicálvaro , led by generals such as Serrano and O'Donnell , plus the popular uprisings organised by the Juntas Revolucionarias in the main cities, and the Manzanares Manifesto , led to the fall of the government and the return of the progressives to power.
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will be forcibly put up for sale,but with compensation, the assets of the Church that are still unsold, but also the assets and lands of the assets and lands of the municipalities: common and state-owned and other institutions.
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The triumph of the revolutionary general in
Alcolea (Cordoba) led to the fall of Isabella II and her departure from Spain. -
In 1868, a popular uprising led by Manuel Céspedes began the autonomist struggle in Cuba. -
In order to prevent the rise of republican ideas, Prim promoted the formation of a Provisional Government made up of progressives and unionists. of progressives and unionists, which was to be presided over by Serrano
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There was a new constitution, but Spain was a monarchy without a king. Serrano was to be regent and Prim the head of the government.
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In 1870 the Cortes appointed Amadeo of Savoy as King of Spain.
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It was proclaimed by the Cortes as an emergency solution after Amadeo's abdication, and lasted for barely eleven months.
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It will last almost the whole year and will focus on restoring order. -
Proclaims Alfonso XII King of Spain -
The legal formulation of the Canovist system was the Constitution of 1876, inspired by the Constitution of 1845. -
His objective was twofold: to ensure the consolidation of the newly restored monarchy and to build a strongly centralised political system.
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The Peace of Zanjón put an end to the Ten Years' War (1868 - 1878). General Martínez Campos committed himself to granting Cuba a broad amnesty for insurrectionists, the abolition of slavery, and forms of self-government. But this promise was not kept. -
The basic lines of the Liberal government, which was still seen by the conservative classes as the heir to democratic radicalism,
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The new government undertook a series of
legislative reforms of a clearly liberal character. -
The war for independence in Cuba began in February 1895 with the Grito de Baire.
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A new period began, that of the Regency of his widow Maria Christina of Habsburg-Lorraine. -
Spain was losing the last shreds of its overseas empire.
overseas empire. Spain ceded Puerto Rico, the Philippines and the island of Guam (in the Marianas archipelago) to the US. Marianas archipelago) to the US. Cuba, though formally independent, remained under American control. -
The development of the conflict will be marked by continuous Spanish defeats, with a mixture of Spanish incompetence and poor incompetence and poor conduct of operations on the part of the Spaniards, combined with the superiority of American material superiority. -
In the first stage Primo de Rivera formed a Military Directory with him as president and sole minister. It was presented as an interim regime with the aim of resolving the problems that remained to be solved.
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On 13 September 1923, the captain general of Catalonia, Miguel Primo de Rivera, ordered the occupation of the telephone services in Barcelona and read out a manifesto to journalists, staging a coup d'état. -
During the first stage of the dictatorship, the Moroccan conflict in collaboration with France, the Alhucemas landing was organised and was a great success. -
Prestigious for its previous successes, and when many expected the dictatorship to be over, a second phase called the civilian the second phase called the Civilian Directory. In this phase, Primo de Rivera decided to perpetuate the system by including in the government some civilian politicians the system by including in the government some civilian politicians, such as José Calvo Sotelo and Eduardo Aunós
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Alfonso XIII entrusted the formation of a government to
General Berenguer, with the task of restoring the Constitution of 1876 and saving the royal figure, who was increasingly unpopular as he was considered to be directly responsible for the dictatorship. -
Niceto Alcalá Zamora, elegido presidente de la República por las Cortes, mandó a Manuel Azaña presidir un Gobierno republicano-socialista, que acometió las reformas iniciadas por el Gobierno Provisional para desmontar las estructuras tradicionales e imponer los valores de la democracia
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On 14 April 1931 the Revolutionary Committee was constituted as the Provisional Government, proclaiming the Second Republic
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The abstention promoted by the anarchists and the division of the left facilitated the triumph of the centre-right parties.
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The October repression and subsequent measures made possible the creation of the Popular Front, an electoral coalition of left-wing forces (republicans, socialists and communists) with the support of the anarchists who did not participate.
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The uprising began in Morocco on 17 July and spread to the rest of the nation the following day.However, it failed to gain the upper hand in the two main cities, Madrid and Barcelona, leaving Spain divided into two practically equal zones.
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On 18 July General Mola in Pamplona and other military chiefs in the rest of Spain declared a state of war.
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On 26 April April 1937 the Condor legion bombed Guernica, on orders from Franco's headquarters. It was the first bombing of a civilian population.
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Franco became the undisputed military leader and was proclaimed Head of State and Generalissimo of the Spanish Army on 1 October 1936.
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The bloodiest and longest of the entire war
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Franco's dictatorship was a dictatorship of a personal nature. There was no political party, as in the fascist ones, which imposed its total domination, but rather there were different political families, before which he was the supreme judge and arbiter.
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In which we can initially distinguish a predominance of the Falange (Blue Stage: 1939-1939) until Franco gave more prominence to the Catholics of the ACNP (National Catholicism Stage: 1945-1957).
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The war ended with the victory of the national side.
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Franco appointed technocratic Opus Dei ministers in 1957,
who approved a Stabilisation Plan in 1959 that laid the foundations for a modernisation of the economy. -
Franco, physically deteriorated, delegated the
the Head of Government to his right-hand man, Admiral Carrero Blanco, and signs of decomposition of the
signs of the regime's decomposition -
Spain moved from a dictatorship to a
democracy through a process called
transition. -
Franco died on 20 November 1975. Hundreds of thousands of people passed in front of the coffin in the Palacio de Oriente. Many, to mourn and others to see the corpse of a man who wanted to stop the history of Spain.
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PROCLAMATION OF JUAN CARLOS DE BORBON AS KING OF SPAIN
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On 15 June 1977, the first democratic elections were held after Franco's regime. The UCD (centre-right) of Adolfo Suárez obtained a simple majority, followed by the PSOE of Felipe González (centre-left).
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The 1978 Constitution has its sources in Spanish historical constitutionalism (Constitution of 1931) and, above all, in post-war European constitutionalism (Bonn Fundamental Law).
1931) -
The coup d'état of 23-F was staged by Antonio Tejero, who hijacked the legislative and executive powers.
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In October 1982, the PSOE, with the slogan "for change",
won an absolute majority. The PSOE would govern for four terms. -
José María Aznar, leader of the PP, won the 1996 elections by a
narrow margin, developing a centrist policy of dialogue to obtain the support of the nationalist minorities (CiU and PNV) and the trade unions. -
For the first time in our history, a parity government was formed and a woman, María Teresa Fernández de Vega, was placed at the head of the Vice-Presidency
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In 2011, Mariano Rajoy, as leader of the PP, assumed the presidency of the government. During his term in office, marked by the economic crisis and austerity policies in line with the EU, major cases of corruption came to light.
