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Louis XVI
married Marie Antoinette (nick named Madame Deficit), secretly ordered troops to crush the rebellion, tennis court oath: swore to not split up until they produced a French constitution -
Napoleon Bonaparte
crowned himself to show power over the church, Joined army of new government, hero of the hour (defended against the royalist), first consul (dictator), Napoleonic code: new system of laws (took away freedoms) -
Estates General
All of France was organized into 3 estates
1st estate= clergy, 1% of population, 10% of land, not taxed
2nd estate= 2-5% of pop., 20% land, light tax, privileges
3rd estate= everyone else, 95% of pop., 25 million commoners, members of middle class (bourgeoisie) -
Reforms
National assembly declared the church officials. They were elected and paid like state officials. Peasants were angered; it led to peasant opposition of reforms. -
Maximillien Robespierre
Rule known as Reign of Terror, tried in morning and guillotined in the afternoon, 85% of the people executed was the peasants or the members of the revolution. -
Peace for Europe
was at peace for the first time in 10 years, Britain, Austria, and Russia joined forces to drive Napoleon from power; they led troops into war and diplomacy, all 3 nations signed peace agreements with France. -
Napoleon Crowns Himself
took the crown from pope and crowned himself although traditionally the pope had done it. Did it to show power over the church. -
Metternich’s Plan
Wanted to keep things the way they were, Foreign minister of Austria.
Prevent future aggressions
Balance of power
Restore Europe’s royal families
