- 
  
  Used irrigation and the plow for farming;
developed cuneiform; formed govern
ments; created tools and weapons with
bronze; Sumerian city of Uruk was the
world's first city. - 
  
  Sargon formed the world's first empire
 - 
  
  Formed a system of laws and government under Hammurabi
 - 
  
  Built a strong military state; Assyrian ruler Ashurbanipal built the city of Nineveh.
 - 
  
  Nebuchadnezzar II expanded Babylonia to the borders of Egypt; also restored Babylon by erecting a stone bridge across the Euphrates River and building the Hanging Gardens.
 - 
  
  Cyrus expanded the empire to Asia Minor, Ionia, India, and Babylon; Cambyses and Darius later expanded the empire more.