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The Mexica were a people who settled around Tenochtitlan in modern-day Mexico. They believed they need to provide human sacrifices to their gods and proceeded to go on a series of great conquests to find people to sustain them with around 1325. As a result, they conquered many city-states and made the beginnings of the Aztec empire.
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Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming dynasty as its first emperor, overthrowing the Yuan dynasty.
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The Portuguese ended their successful conquest of Cueta in 1415, giving them a foothold in Northern Africa as the beginning of an African Portuguese Empire.
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Admiral Zheng He was sent to voyage along Southern Asia and Eastern Africa along with a fleet of ships to show China's power under the Ming Dynasty. These voyages ended in 1433 after his death and when the empire shifted its focus on the rebuilding of the Great Wall.
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The Incas settled in Cuzco around 1400, and their first Great ruler(Sapa Inca), Pachakuti, started their conquest of South America around 1438.
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After the Golden Bull of 1356, Frederick III was elected by the 7 great magnates in the HRE, marking the beginning of the Habsburg Dynasty's rule in the HRE(one that would last mostly undisputed until the HRE fall).
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The Hundred Years War was a war between France and England that started through disputes over land and succession to the French throne.
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The Ottoman Empire, which had been warring against the Byzantines for some time, decided to take control of Constantinople, one of the greater cities in the Byzantine empire. Mehmed the Conqueror launched a massive assault on Constantinople, using notably cannons to tear its walls down, and he converted it into a Muslim city, changing the churches into mosques.
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The Reconquista was a series of conquests conducted in the Iberian Peninsula with the intent to reclaim Spanish and Portuguese land from Muslim rule. It ended when Granada, the last remaining Muslim city, was captured.
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Emperor Akbar, known as the "Great Mughal", was very powerful would accomplish much in his time, leading the Mughal Empire to a period of greatness.
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Mikhail Romanov is made Tsar, beginning the first great Russian Dynasty.